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Research Article

Seed Germination Responses and Interspecific Variations to Different Incubation Temperatures in Eight Veronica Species Native to Korea

자생 개불알풀속(Veronica) 8종의 온도에 따른 발아반응과 종간 차이

Su Jung Song1
,
Un Seop Shin1
,
Hye Jin Oh1
,
Sang Yong Kim1
,
Seung Youn Lee1*
송 수정1
,
신 운섭1
,
오 혜진1
,
김 상용1
,
이 승연1*
1Useful Plant Resources Center, Korea National Arboretum, Yangpyeong
1국립수목원 유용식물증식센터
* Corresponding Author. 
28 February 2019. pp. 20-31
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Abstract

The seed germination characteristics of eight Korean native Veronica species (V. dahurica, V. rotunda, V. kiusiana var. diamantiaca, V. pusanensis, V. rotunda var. subintegra, V. nakaiana, V. pyrethrina, and V. kiusiana var. glabrifolia) were evaluated, and seed dormancy types (kinds) were classified. Among the study species, V. kiusiana var. diamantiaca has been designated as both an endemic and rare species (critically endangered) in Korea. The seeds were incubated at constant temperatures of 4, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C for 30 days, and germination percentage and mean germination time were calculated. Embryo morphology was observed in initial seed and at seed coat split. The optimum germination temperatures of eight Veronica species seeds were approximately 20 to 25°C, considering final germination percentage (FGP) and mean germination time (MGT) together. All seeds of Veronica species germinated to more than 90% at five temperature regimes for 30 days except V. rotunda (66.1%) and V. kiusiana var. diamantiaca (47.6%). The seeds of eight Veronica species had underdeveloped embryos that occupied 0.46 to 0.61 of the seed length at dispersal, and the embryo length increased by 18.8 to 58.0% of their initial length. To improve the germination of V. kiusiana var. diamantiaca seeds, we treated the seeds with different periods of cold stratification (0, 3, and 6 weeks at 4°C) and gibberellic acid (GA3) soaking (0, 50, 100, and 1,000 mg·L-1). FGP of V. kiusiana var. diamantiaca seeds with the cold stratification period of 0, 3, and 6 weeks was 45.0, 75.3, and 80.3%, respectively. FGP of V. kiusiana var. diamantiaca seeds treated with GA3 (0 [control], 50, 100, and 1,000 mg·L-1) was 44.7, 71.3, 87.2, and 91.7%, respectively. The seeds of V. dahurica, V. pusanensis, V. rotunda var. subintegra, V. nakaiana, V. pyrethrina, and V. kiusiana var. glabrifolia had morphological dormancy (MD). The seeds of V. rotunda had 66% MD, whereas the seeds of V. kiusiana var. diamantiaca had 48% MD and about 44% morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). There were different kinds of dormancy (MD and MPD) within the eight Veronica species examined; thus, we found that there is an interspecific variation in dormancy breaking and germination requirements in the genus. This is the first report that classified seed dormancy types in Veronica species native to the Korean peninsula, and the results could be useful to study the morphological seed dormancy and ecophysiological mechanism of the genus Veronica.

Keywords
endemic species
native plant
plant propagation
seed dormancy
underdeveloped embryo

산림청 지정 희귀·특산식물 봉래꼬리풀을 포함한 Veronica속 8종(구와꼬리풀, 둥근산꼬리풀, 부산꼬리풀, 산꼬리풀, 섬꼬리풀, 큰구와꼬리풀, 큰산꼬리풀 등)의 온도에 따른 발아특성을 조사하고 휴면유형을 분류하였다. 온도범위(4, 15, 20, 25, 30°C)에 따른 발아실험 결과, Veronica속 8종의 최적 발아온도는 최종발아율과 평균발아소요일수를 고려하여 20 - 25°C임을 확인하였다. 봉래꼬리풀과 둥근산꼬리풀을 제외한 6종은 30일 이내에 90% 이상 발아하였다. 대상종 모두 종자 내부의 배가 추가적인 신장을 보이는 형태적휴면 종자임을 알 수 있었다. 봉래꼬리풀 종자는 4 - 30°C 온도 범위에서 최대 47.6% 발아하여 연구대상 중에서 휴면이 가장 깊었다. 봉래꼬리풀 종자의 발아율을 향상시키기 위하여 저온 층적처리(0, 3, 6주)와 지베렐린 처리(0, 50, 100, 1,000mg·L-1)를 실시하였다. 봉래꼬리풀 종자의 최종발아율은 저온 층적처리 3주, 6주 처리에서 각각 75.3%와 80.3%로 조사되어 대조구보다 30% 이상 향상되었다. 지베렐린 0, 50, 100, 1,000mg·L-1 처리에서 최종발아율은 각각 44.7, 71.3, 87.2, 91.7%로 조사되었다. 구와꼬리풀과 부산꼬리풀, 산꼬리풀, 섬꼬리풀, 큰구와꼬리풀, 큰산꼬리풀은 형태적휴면을 보이는 종자로 분류하였다. 둥근산꼬리풀 종자는 66% 형태적휴면을 보였고 봉래꼬리풀 종자는 48% 형태적휴면과 44% 형태생리적휴면을 보였다. 같은 속 내에서도 서로 다른 휴면유형을 가지고 있었고 최적의 휴면타파를 위한 종간차이가 확인되었다. 이 결과는 한반도 Veronica속의 종자휴면 유형을 분류하고 고찰한 첫 번째 연구이며, 향후 형태적 종자휴면과 생태생리적 메커니즘을 밝히는데 중요한 자료가 될 것이다.

키워드
특산식물
자생식물
대량증식
종자휴면
미숙배
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Information
  • Publisher :KOREAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
  • Publisher(Ko) :원예과학기술지
  • Journal Title :Horticultural Science and Technology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :원예과학기술지
  • Volume : 37
  • No :1
  • Pages :20-31
  • Received Date : 2018-09-11
  • Revised Date : 2018-11-19
  • Accepted Date : 2018-10-31
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.12972/kjhst.20190003
Journal Informaiton Horticultural Science and Technology Horticultural Science and Technology
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