pISSN 1738-1495   eISSN 2384-0757
Open Access, Peer-reviewed
    Dement Neurocogn Disord. 2014 Dec;13(4):83-88. Korean.
    Published online Dec 31, 2014.
    https://doi.org/10.12779/dnd.2014.13.4.83
    © 2014 Korean Dementia Association
    Original Article

    Driving in Patients with Dementia: A CREDOS (Clinical Research Center for Dementia of South Korea) Study

    Seong Hye Choi, M.D.,* Jiwook Lee,* Soo Jeong Kim, M.D.,* Jun Yong Choi, M.D.,* Ji Won Kwon, M.D.,* Byung-Nam Yoon, M.D.,* Jong Hun Kim, M.D.,† Bora Yoon, M.D.,‡ YoungSoon Yang, M.D.,§ SangYun Kim, M.D.,∥ and Jee Hyang Jeong, M.D.
      • *Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
      • †Department of Neurology, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
      • ‡Department of Neurology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
      • §Department of Neurology, Seoul Veterans Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
      • ∥Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
      • Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
    • Address for correspondence: Seong Hye Choi, M.D. Department of Neurology, Inha University Hospital 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-711, Korea. Tel: 82 32 890 3860, FAX: 82 32 890 3864, Email: seonghye@inha.ac.kr
    Received November 28, 2014; Revised December 16, 2014; Accepted December 16, 2014.

    This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

    Abstract

    Background

    There are few studies about driving and dementia in Korea. The purpose of this study is to investigate the real condition of automobile driving in patients with dementia and the characteristics of those who continue to drive after diagnosis of dementia.

    Methods

    A total of 4,377 patients including 3,792 with Alzheimer's disease and 585 with vascular dementia were recruited from multiple nationwide hospitals. Clinical evaluations and neuropsychological tests were done in them according to the protocol of the Clinical Research Center for Dementia of South Korea study. Caregivers replied which patients drove an automobile, gave up driving, or has never driven. The same evaluations of them were followed after one year.

    Results

    There were 272 (6.2%) drivers, 321 (7.3%) ex-drivers, and 3,784 (86.5%) non-drivers with dementia. Drivers with dementia were younger and had higher Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) (21.5±4.3 vs 19.8±5.1 vs 17.4±5.2, p<0.001) and lower Clinical Dementia Rating scale-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) scores (4.08±2.15 vs 5.80±3.41 vs 5.83±3.39, p<0.001) compared with ex-drivers and non-drivers with dementia. The drivers and ex-drivers with dementia had higher educational level and a higher proportion of male compared with non-drivers with dementia (77.6% vs 80.1% vs 23.3%, p<0.001). About 54.6% of the drivers with dementia continued to drive at one year after diagnosis of dementia. They had higher K-MMSE (23.2±3.6 vs 20.8±4.5, p=0.003) and lower CDR-SB scores (3.30±1.47 vs 4.40±1.85, p=0.001) at baseline compared with those who quitted driving after baseline.

    Conclusions

    Male patients who were relatively young and had high educational level and mild dementia had a tendency to drive an automobile at that time of diagnosis of dementia. About half of them continued to drive after diagnosis of dementia.

    Keywords
    Driving; Dementia; Alzheimer disease; Vascular dementia

    Tables

    Table 1
    Demographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects

    Table 2
    Comparison of z-scores of the neuropsychological tests among drivers, ex-drivers, and non-drivers with dementia

    Table 3
    Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics between patients who continued driving and those who stopped driving at one year after diagnosis of dementia

    Table 4
    Comparison of z-scores of the neuropsychological tests between patients who continued driving and those who stopped driving at one year after diagnosis of dementia

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    MeSH Terms
    Alzheimer Disease
    Automobile Driving
    Automobiles
    Caregivers
    Dementia*
    Dementia, Vascular
    Diagnosis
    Humans
    Korea
    Male
    Neuropsychological Tests
    Metrics
    Share
    Tables
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