Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Clinical Surveillance After Macroscopically Complete Surgery for Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasms (LAMN) with or Without Limited Peritoneal Spread: Long-Term Results in a Prospective Series

  • Gastrointestinal Oncology
  • Published:
Annals of Surgical Oncology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

A Correction to this article was published on 19 January 2018

This article has been updated

Abstract

Background

Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) is the most common primary lesion of pseudomyxoma peritonei, a disease whose standard treatment is cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. The optimal management of LAMN is not well defined. This study prospectively assessed a clinical surveillance strategy for LAMN with or without limited peritoneal spread.

Methods

During 2003–2017, the study prospectively enrolled 41 patients treated by macroscopically complete surgery for LAMN with or without limited peritoneal spread (pelvis and right lower quadrant). Follow-up assessment included thoracic-abdomino-pelvic computed tomography scan and serum tumor markers scheduled after surgery, then every 6 months for 5 years, and yearly thereafter. All specimens were reviewed by a dedicated pathologist.

Results

Appendectomy and five right colectomies were performed for 36 patients. Nine patients also underwent macroscopically complete cytoreduction of mucinous peritoneal disease, and four patients had hysterectomy plus bilateral salphingo-oophorectomy. Appendiceal rupture was evaluable in 38 of the 41 patients, being present in 21 patients (51.2%). Mucin, cells, or both outside the appendix were observed in 24 patients (58.5%). The median follow-up period was 58 months (range 9.3–162 months). The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 95.1%. Only two patients experienced peritoneal recurrences (4.9%), respectively 18 and 22 months after appendectomy. Their primary lesions were LAMNs with and without appendix wall rupture or extra-appendiceal mucin, respectively. No death occurred.

Conclusion

These findings strongly suggest that radically resected LAMN, even with limited peritoneal spread, carries a low recurrence risk. Furthermore, appendix wall perforation and the presence of mucin, cells, or both outside the appendix were not associated with a higher risk of metachronous peritoneal dissemination. In this setting, clinical and radiologic surveillance is a viable choice.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Change history

  • 19 January 2018

    In the original article Massimo Milione’s last name was spelled incorrectly. It is correct as reflected here. The original article has also been updated.

  • 19 January 2018

    In the original article Massimo Milione?s last name was spelled incorrectly. It is correct as reflected here. The original article has also been updated.

  • 19 January 2018

    In the original article Massimo Milione?s last name was spelled incorrectly. It is correct as reflected here. The original article has also been updated.

References

  1. Malya FU, Hasbahceci A, Sertr G, et al. Appendiceal mucocele: clinical and imaging features of 14 cases. Chirurgia Bucur. 2014;109:788–93.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Connor SJ, Hanna GB, Frizelle FA. Appendiceal tumors: retrospective clinicopathologic analysis of appendiceal tumors from 7970 appendectomies. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998;41:75–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. McCusker ME, Cote TR, Clegg LX, et al. Primary malignant neoplasms of the appendix: a population-based study from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end-results program, 1973–1998. Cancer. 2002;94:3307–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Misdraji J, Yantiss RK, Graeme-Cook FM, et al. Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms: a clinicopathologic analysis of 107 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27:1089–103.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Smeenk RM, van Velthuysen ML, Verwaal VJ, Zoetmulder FA. Appendiceal neoplasms and pseudomyxoma peritonei: a population-based study. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2008;34:196–201.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Fernandez RN, Daly GM. Pseudomyxoma peritonei. Arch Surg. 1980;115:409–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Gough DB, Donohue JH, Schutt AJ, et al. Pseudomyxoma peritonei: long-term patient survival with an aggressive regional approach. Ann Surg. 1994;219:112–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Miner TJ, Shia J, Jaques DP, et al. Long-term survival following treatment of pseudomyxoma peritonei: an analysis of surgical therapy. Ann Surg. 2005;241:300–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Järvinen P, Järvinen HJ, Lepistö A. Survival of patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei treated by serial debulking. Colorectal Dis. 2010;12:868–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Chua TC, Moran BJ, Sugarbaker PH, et al. Early- and long-term outcome data of patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei from appendiceal origin treated by a strategy of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:2449–56.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Moran B, Baratti D, Yan TD, et al. Consensus statement on the locoregional treatment of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms with peritoneal dissemination (pseudomyxoma peritonei). J Surg Oncol. 2008;98:277–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Sugarbaker PH. New standard of care for appendiceal epithelial neoplasms and pseudomyxoma peritonei syndrome? Lancet Oncol. 2006;7:69–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Baratti D, Kusamura S, Nonaka D, Cabras AD, Laterza B, Deraco M. Pseudomyxoma peritonei: biological features are the dominant prognostic determinants after complete cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Ann Surg. 2009;249:243–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Ansari N, Chandrakumaran K, Dayal S, Mohamed F, Cecil TD, Moran BJ. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in 1000 patients with perforated appendiceal epithelial tumours. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2016;42:1035–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Murphy EMA, Farquharson SM, Moran BJ. Management of an unexpected appendiceal neoplasm. Br J Surg. 2006;93:783–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Barrios P, Losa F, Gonzalez-Moreno S. Rojo A, Go´mez-Portilla A, Bretcha-Boix P, et al. Recommendations in the management of epithelial appendiceal neoplasms and peritoneal dissemination from mucinous tumours (pseudomyxoma peritonei). Clin Transl Oncol. 2016;18:437–48.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Gonzalez-Moreno S, Sugarbaker PH. Right hemicolectomy does not confer a survival advantage in patients with mucinous carcinoma of the appendix and peritoneal seeding. Br J Surg. 2004;91:304–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. McDonald JR, O’Dwyer ST, Rout S, et al. Classification of and cytoreductive surgery for low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms. Br J Surg. 2012;99:987–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Foster JM, Sleightholm RL, Wahlmeier S, Loggie B, Sharma P, Patel A. Early identification of DPAM in at-risk low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm patients: a new approach to surveillance for peritoneal metastasis. World J Surg Oncol. 2016;14:243.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Fournier K, Rafeeq S, Taggart M, et al. Low-grade appendiceal mucin mucinous neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (LAMN-UMP): prognostic factors and implications for treatment and follow-up. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017;24:187–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Pai RK, Beck AH, Norton JA, Longacre TA. Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms: clinicopathologic study of 116 cases with analysis of factors predicting recurrence. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33:1425–39.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Young RH. Pseudomyxoma peritonei and selected other aspects of the spread of appendiceal neoplasms. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2004;21:134–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Panarelli NC, Yantiss RK. Mucinous neoplasms of the appendix and peritoneum. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2011;135:1261–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Baratti D, Kusamura S, Milione M, et al. Pseudomyxoma peritonei of extra-appendiceal origin: a comparative study. Ann Surg Oncol. 2016;23:4222–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Carr NJ, Sobin LH. Adenocarcinoma of the appendix. In: Bosman F, Carneiro F, Hruban R, Theise N (ed). WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 2010, pp 122–25.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Carr NJ, Cecil TD, Mohamed F, et al. A consensus for classification and pathologic reporting of pseudomyxoma peritonei and associated appendiceal neoplasia: the results of the Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International (PSOGI) modified Delphi process. Am J Surg Pathol. 2016;40:14–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Carr NJ, Bibeau F, Bradley RF, et al. The histopathological classification, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis of mucinous appendiceal neoplasms, appendiceal adenocarcinomas, and pseudomyxoma peritonei. Histopathology. 2017;71:847–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Smeenk RM, van Velthuysen ML, Verwaal VJ, Zoetmulder FA. Appendiceal neoplasms and pseudomyxoma peritonei: a population-based study. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2008;34:196–201.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Baratti D, Kusamura S, Iusco D, et al. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) at the time of primary curative surgery in patients with colorectal cancer at high risk for metachronous peritoneal metastases. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017;24:167–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Arnason T, Kamionek M, Yang M, et al. Significance of proximal margin involvement in low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2015;139:518–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Yantiss RK, Shia J, Klimstra DS, Hahn HP, Odze RD, Misdraji J. Prognostic significance of localized extra-appendiceal mucin deposition in appendiceal mucinous neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33:248–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

The study was partially supported by a grant of the Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC). Snita Sinukumar is a fellow of the European School of Peritoneal Surface Oncology (ESPSO).

Disclosure

The authors have no conflicts of interest or financial disclosures to declare.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Marcello Guaglio, Snita Sinukumar, Marcello Deraco, and Dario Baratti have equally contributed to this paper.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Peritoneal Surface Malignancies Unit, Colon and Rectal Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy

    Marcello Guaglio MD, Snita Sinukumar MD, Shigeki Kusamura MD, PhD, Luigi Battaglia MD, Dario Baratti MD & Marcello Deraco MD

  2. Department of Oncology, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Snita Sinukumar MD

  3. Pathology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy

    Massimo Milione MD

  4. Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy

    Filippo Pietrantonio MD

  5. Università degli Studi Dell’Aquila Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate E Biotecnologiche, L’Aquila, Italy

    Stefano Guadagni MD

Authors
  1. Marcello Guaglio MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Snita Sinukumar MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shigeki Kusamura MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Massimo Milione MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Filippo Pietrantonio MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Luigi Battaglia MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Stefano Guadagni MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Dario Baratti MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Marcello Deraco MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marcello Guaglio MD.

Additional information

The original version of this article was revised: Massimo Milione’s last name was spelled incorrectly.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Guaglio, M., Sinukumar, S., Kusamura, S. et al. Clinical Surveillance After Macroscopically Complete Surgery for Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasms (LAMN) with or Without Limited Peritoneal Spread: Long-Term Results in a Prospective Series. Ann Surg Oncol 25, 878–884 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-017-6305-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-017-6305-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation