References
G. M. Hall. Fentanyl and the metabolic response to surgery. Br. J. Anaesth. 52:561–562 (1980).
L. E. Mather. Clinical pharmacokinetics of fentanyl and its newer derivatives. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 8:422–446 (1983).
R. K. Portenoy, and D. Lesage. Management of cancer pain. Lancet. 353:1695–1700 (1999).
G. Hanks, R. K. Portenoy, N. MacDonald, and K. Forbes. Difficult pain problems. Oxford textbook of palliative medicine, 2nd edn, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998.
P. J. Slattery, and R. A. Boas. Newer methods of delivery of opiates for relief of pain. Drugs. 30(6):539–551 (1985).
D. Harris, and J. R. Robinson. Drug delivery via the mucous membranes of the oral cavity. Pharm. Sci. 81:1–10 (1992).
H. Zhang, J. Zhang, and J. B. Streisand. Oral mucosal drug delivery. Clinical pharmacokinetics and therapeutic applications. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 41:661–680 (2002).
S. Bredenberg, M. Duberg, B. Lennernas, H. Lennernas, A. Petterson, M. Westerberg, and C. Nystrom. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a new sublingual tablet system for rapid oromucosal absorption using fentanyl citrate as the active substance. Eur. J Pharm. Sci. 20:327–334 (2003).
J. B. Streisand, J. R. Varvel, D. R. Stanski, L. L. Mairc, M. A. Ashburn, B. I. Hague, S. D. Tarver, and T. H. Stanley. Absorption and bioavailability of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate. Anesthesiology. 75:223–229 (1991).
A. M. Al-Ghananeem, A. H. Malkawi, and P. A. Crooks. Scopolamine sublingual spray: An alternative route of delivery for the treatment of motion sickness. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 33(5):577–582 (2007).
J. Mannila, T. Jaervinen, K. Jaervinen, J. Tervonen, and P. Jarho. Sublingual administration of D9-tetrahydrocannabinol/b-cyclodextrin complex increases the bioavailability of D9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rabbits. Life Sci. 78(17):1911–1914 (2006).
A. M. Al-Ghananeem, A. H. Malkawi, and P. A. Crooks. Effect of pH on sublingual absorption of oxycodone hydrochloride. AAPS PharmSciTech. 7(1):E23 (2006).
D. S. Weinberg, C. E. Inturris B. Reidenberg et al. Sublingual absorption of selected opioids. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 44:335–342 (1988).
D. A. Mclain, and C. C. Hug Jr. Intravenous fentanyl kinetics. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 28:106–114 (1980).
D. L. Mock, J. B. Streisand, B. Hague, R. R. Dzelzkalns, P. L. Baily, N. L. Pace, and T. H. Stanley. Transmucosal narcotic delivery: an evaluation of fentanyl (lollipop) premedication in man. Anesth. Analg. 65:5102 (1986).
K. Mystakidou, E. Katsouda, E. Tsilika, E. Parpa, and L. Vlahos. Transdermal therapeutic fentanyl-system (TTS-F). In Vivo. 18(5):633–642 (2004).
M. J. Rathbone, R. Purves, F. A. Ghazali, and P. C. Ho. In vivo techniques for studying the oral mucosal absorption characteristics of drugs in animals and humans. In M. J. Rathbone (ed.), Oral mucosal drug delivery, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1996, pp. 121–156.
W. M. Dewell Jr, M. Khandaghabadi, M. J. D’Souza, and H. M. Solomon. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of fentanyl and sufentanil returned from the operating room. Department of Pharmacy, Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta, GA 30309. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 50(11):2374–2375 (1993).
M. Tsuchiya, W. Ueda, M. Tomoda, and M. Hirakawa. Determination of fentanyl concentrations in the blood with the application of high performance liquid chromatography. Department of Anesthesiology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku Masui. The Japanese Journal of Anesthesiology. 40(4):644–6 (1991).
J. Schuttler, and P. F. White. Optimization of the radioimmunoassays for measuring fentanyl and alfentanil in human serum. Anesthesiology. 61(3):315–320 (1984).
G. Campistron, M. Giroux, J. C. Dumas, M. Hoff, R. Desprats, H. Grandjean, G. Pontonnier, and G. Houin. Fentanyl RIA improved by a single-step extraction. Unite de Pharmacocinetique Clinique, Unite INSERM 168, C.H.U., Toulouse, France. Clin. Chem. 34(10):2157 (1988).
W. L. Wang, E. J. Cone, and J. Zacny. Immunoassay evidence for fentanyl in hair of surgery patients. Addiction Research Center, NIDA, Baltimore, MD 21224. Forensic Sci. Int. 61(1):65–72 (1993).
K. Kumar, D. J. Morgan, and D. P. Crankshaw. Determination of fentanyl and alfentanil in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. School of Pharmaceutics, Victorian College of Pharmacy Ltd., Melbourne, Australia. J. Chromatogr. 419:464–468 (1987).
R. J. Woestenborghs, D. R. Stanski, J. C. Scott, and J. J. Heykants. Assay methods for fentanyl in serum: gas-liquid chromatography versus radioimmunoassay. Anesthesiology. 67(1):85–90 (1987).
J. M. Moore, A. C. Allen, D. A. Cooper, and S. M. Carr. Determination of fentanyl and related compounds by capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Anal. Chem. 58(8):1656–60 (1986).
S. Bjorkman, and D. R. Stanski. Simultaneous determination of fentanyl and alfentanil in rat tissues by capillary column gas chromatography. Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305. J. Chromatogr. 433:95–104 (1988).
P. Kintz, P. Mangin, A. A. Lugnier, and A. J. Chaumont. Simultaneous determination of fentanyl and its major metabolites and fentanyl analogs using gas chromatography and nitrogen-selective detection. Inst. Med. Leg., Strasbourg. Fr. J. Chromatogr. 489(2):459–461 (1989).
S. Laganiere, L. Goernert, K. Gallicano, and R. Otson. Improved extraction, sensitivity, specificity, and stability for measuring fentanyl in plasma by gas chromatography with nitrogen detection. Clin. Chem. 39(10):2206–2207 (1993).
J. R. Varvel, S. L. Shafer, S. S. Hwang, P. A. Coen, and D. R. Stanski. Absorption characteristics of transdermally administered fentanyl. Sch. Med., Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA, USA. Anesthesiology. 70(6):928–934 (1989).
R. K. Portenoy, M. A. Southam, S. K. Gupta, J. Lapin, M. Layman, C. E. Inturrisi, and K. M. Foley. Transdermal fentanyl for cancer pain. Repeated dose pharmacokinetics. Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021. Anesthesiology. 78(1):36–43 (1993).
Acknowledgment
The authors wish to thank Insys Therapeutics, Inc. (Phoenix, AZ) for their support of this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Malkawi, A.H., Al-Ghananeem, A.M. & Crooks, P.A. Development of a GC-MS Assay for the Determination of Fentanyl Pharmacokinetics in Rabbit Plasma after Sublingual Spray Delivery. AAPS J 10, 261–267 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12248-008-9031-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1208/s12248-008-9031-x