ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the biosynthesis and physiology of nitric oxide (NO) and how both relate to its unique and fascinating chemistry. It scopes the sheer volume of literature regarding NO chemistry, physiology, and enzymology, a comprehensive treatment of these subjects. The chapter examines the biosynthesis and physiology/pathophysiology of NO from a chemical perspective. Prior to embarking on a discussion of the enzymology and biology of NO, it reviews some of its basic and biologically relevant chemistry. The chapter provides an overview of some of the chemistry of NO and related species as a primer for understanding the complexities of its biosynthesis as well as its role and function as a cardiovascular agent, neurotransmitter, signaling molecule, and cytotoxic/cytostatic agent. The role and effect of higher fluxes of NO can be myriad and may be either beneficial or potentially deleterious. High fluxes of NO can be both cytotoxic and cytostatic and, therefore, can be crucial to a normal immune response.
