Abstract
We aimed to identify maternal blood biomarkers predictive of histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) in the plasma of women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and to determine whether the combination of these biomarkers with conventional clinical variables can improve the prediction of HCA. This retrospective cohort study included 82 consecutive women with PPROM (23-34 gestational weeks) who delivered within 96 hours of blood sampling. A membrane-based human antibody microarray was used to analyze the plasma proteome. The validation of 5 candidate biomarkers of interest was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the final cohort (n = 82). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured at sampling. Seventy-nine molecules studied exhibited intergroup differences. Validation by ELISA confirmed higher levels of plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), interleukin-6 (IL-6), S100 A8/A9, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1), but not tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), in women with HCA than in women without HCA. Using a stepwise regression analysis, a combined prediction model was developed, which included the plasma MMP-9, serum CRP levels, and gestational age (area under the curve [AUC], 0.932). The AUC for this model was significantly greater than that for any single variable included in the predictive model. Protein–antibody microarray technology can be useful in identifying plasma-based predictors for HCA. This study suggests that plasma MMP-9, IL-6, IGFBP-1, and S100 A8/A9 are important noninvasive predictors for HCA in women with PPROM and that the best predictive model, which combined these biomarkers with conventional clinical factors, can significantly improve the predictability for HCA.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Wu YW, Colford JM Jr. Chorioamnionitis as a risk factor for cerebral palsy: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2000;284(11):1417–1424.
Yoon BH, Romero R, Kim CJ, et al. Amniotic fluid interleukin-6: a sensitive test for antenatal diagnosis of acute inflammatory lesions of preterm placenta and prediction of perinatal morbidity. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;172(3):960–970.
Oh KJ, Park KH, Kim SN, Jeong EH, Lee SY, Yoon HY. Predictive value of intra-amniotic and serum markers for inflammatory lesions of preterm placenta. Placenta. 2011;32(10):732–736.
Kim SA, Park KH, Lee SM. Non-invasive predictionofhistologic chorioamnionitis in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Yonsei Med J. 2016;57(2):461–468.
Miyazaki K, Furuhashi M, Ishikawa K, et al. Impact ofchorioam-nionitis on short- and long-term outcomes in very low birth weight preterm infants: the Neonatal Research Network Japan. JMatern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(2):331–337.
Cobo T, Kacerovsky M, Palacio M, et al. A prediction model of histological chorioamnionitis and funisitis in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes: analyses of multiple proteins in the amniotic fluid. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012;25(10):1995–2001.
Park JW, Park KH, Jung EY. Clinical significance of histologic chorioamnionitis with a negative amniotic fluid culture inpatients with preterm labor and premature membrane rupture. PLoS One. 2017;12(3):e0173312.
Buhimschi IA, Zambrano E, Pettker CM, et al. Using proteomic analysis of the human amniotic fluid to identify histologic chor-ioamnionitis. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;111(2 pt 1):403–412.
McNamara MF, Wallis T, Qureshi F, Jacques SM, Gonik B. Determining the maternal and fetal cellular immunologic contributions in preterm deliveries with clinical or subclinical chor-ioamnionitis. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 1997;5(4):273–279.
Kim MA, Lee YS, Seo K. Assessment of predictive markers for placental inflammatory response in preterm births. PLoS One. 2014;9(10):e107880.
Greig PC, Murtha AP, Jimmerson CJ, Herbert WN, Roitman-Johnson B, Allen J. Maternal serum interleukin-6 during pregnancy and during term and preterm labor. Obstet Gynecol. 1997;90(3):465–469.
Boggess KA, Greig PC, Murtha AP, Jimmerson CE, Herbert WN. Maternal serum granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in preterm birth with subclinical chorioamnionitis. JReprod Immunol. 1997;33(1):45–52.
Le Ray I, Mace G, Sediki M, et al. Changes in maternal blood inflammatory markers as a predictor of chorioamnionitis: a prospective multicenter study. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2015;73(1): 79–90.
Chan KY, Leung FW, Lam HS, et al. Immunoregulatory protein profiles of necrotizing enterocolitis versus spontaneous intestinal perforation in preterm infants. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e36977.
Kim HB, Kim CK, Iijima K, Kobayashi T, Kita H. Protein micro-array analysis in patients with asthma: elevation of the chemokine PARC/CCL18 in sputum. Chest. 2009;135(2):295–302.
Cha DM, Woo SJ, Kim HJ, Lee C, Park KH. Comparative analysis of aqueous humor cytokine levels between patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration and normal controls. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54(10):7038–7044.
Park JW, Park KH, Jung EY, Cho SH, Jang JA, Yoo HN. Short cervical lengths initially detected in mid-trimester and early in the third trimester in asymptomatic twin gestations: association with histologic chorioamnionitis and preterm birth. PLoS One. 2017;12(4):e0175455.
Ryu A, Park KH, Oh KJ, Lee SY, Jeong EH, Park JW. Predictive value of combined cervicovaginal cytokines and gestational age at sampling for intra-amniotic infection in preterm premature rupture of membranes. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2013;92(5): 517–524.
Park KH, Kim SN, Oh KJ, Lee SY, Jeong EH, Ryu A. Noninva- sive prediction of intra-amniotic infection and/or inflammation in preterm premature rupture of membranes. Reprod Sci. 2012;19(6):658–665.
DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL. Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics. 1988;44(3): 837–845.
Murtha AP, Greig PC, Jimmerson CE, Roitman-Johnson B, Allen J, Herbert WN. Maternal serum interleukin-6 concentrations in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes and evidence of infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175(4 pt 1): 966–969.
Sayed Ahmed WA, Ahmed MR, Mohamed ML, Hamdy MA, Kamel Z, Elnahas KM. Maternal serum interleukin-6 in the management of patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes. JMatern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(19):3162–3166.
Gulati S, Bhatnagar S, Raghunandan C, Bhattacharjee J. Interleukin-6 as a predictor of subclinical chorioamnionitis in preterm premature rupture of membranes. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2012;67(3):235–240.
van de Laar R, van der Ham DP, Oei SG, Willekes C, Weiner CP, Mol BW. Accuracy of C-reactive protein determination in predicting chorioamnionitis and neonatal infection in pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes: a systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2009;147(2):124–129.
Caloone J, Rabilloud M, Boutitie F, et al; ICAMs Study Group. Accuracy of several maternal seric markers for predicting histo-logical chorioamnionitis after preterm premature rupture ofmem-branes: a prospective and multicentric study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2016;205:133–140.
Stamenkovic I. Extracellular matrix remodelling: the role of matrix metalloproteinases. J Pathol. 2003;200(4):448–464.
Guzel S, Serin O, Guzel EC, Buyuk B, Yilmaz G, Guvenen G. Interleukin-33, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and tissue inhibitor [corrected] of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in myocardial infarction. Korean J Intern Med. 2013;28(2):165–173.
Tayebjee MH, Lip GY, Blann AD, Macfadyen RJ. Effects of age, gender, ethnicity, diurnal variation and exercise on circulating levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and -9, and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and-2. Thromb Res. 2005;115(3):205–210.
Murtha AP, Sinclair T, Hauser ER, Swamy GK, Herbert WN, Heine RP. Maternal serum cytokines in preterm premature rupture of membranes. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;109(1):121–127.
Canzoneri BJ, Grotegut CA, Swamy GK, et al. Maternal serum interleukin-6 levels predict impending funisitis in preterm premature rupture of membranes after completion of antibiotics. JMatern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012;25(8):1329–1332.
Ryckman C, Vandal K, Rouleau P, Talbot M, Tessier PA. Proin- flammatory activities of S100: proteins S100A8, S100A9, and S100A8/A9 induce neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion. JImmu-nol. 2003;170(6):3233–3242.
Garcia-Rodriguez S, Callejas-Rubio JL, Ortego-Centeno N, et al. Altered AKT1 and MAPK1 gene expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and correlation with T-helper-transcription factors in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Mediators Inflamm. 2012;2012:495934.
Bealer JF, Colgin M. S100A8/A9: a potential new diagnostic aid for acute appendicitis. Acad Emerg Med. 2010;17(3):333–336.
Terrin G, Passariello A, De Curtis M, Paludetto R, Berni Canani R. S100 A8/A9 protein as a marker for early diagnosis of necrotising enterocolitis in neonates. Arch Dis Child. 2012;97(12):1102.
Fisk NM, Fysh J, Child AG, Gatenby PA, Jeffery H, Bradfield AH. Is C-reactive protein really useful in preterm premature rupture of the membranes?. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1987;94(12): 1159–1164.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Supplemental Material
Supplemental Material
Supplemental material for this article is available online.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Park, J.W., Park, K.H., Lee, J.E. et al. Antibody Microarray Analysis of Plasma Proteins for the Prediction of Histologic Chorioamnionitis in Women With Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes. Reprod. Sci. 26, 1476–1484 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1177/1933719119828043
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1933719119828043