Preparation of Guanidine Group Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles and the Application in Preconcentration and Separation of Acidic Protein

Guanidine group (Gnd) functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@NH₂-Gnd) were synthesized and characterized in this work for the first time. The characterization of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@NH₂-Gnd nanoparticles was demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectra, vibration sample magnetometer, and zeta potential analyzer. The novel multifunctional nanoparticles were served as a solid-phase extraction sorbent for easy isolation and preconcentration of acidic protein from aqueous solution only using a magnet. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was selected as a model protein and the main experimental parameters influencing the adsorption and desorption efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the particles reached saturated adsorption within 20 min and exhibited significant specific recognition for the acidic proteins. Fifteen fold enrichment efficiency was achieved and the detection limits was 45 ng·mL⁻¹ for BSA by capillary electrophoresis (CE). The practical application of the novel nanoparticles as a sorbent for the isolation and preconcentration of acidic proteins from basic proteins was demonstrated by effective separation and enrichment of bovine serum albumin from lysozyme and cytochrome C mixture, which was assayed by CE.