Functional Nanoparticles Translocation Into Cell and Adhesion Force Curve Analysis

The aim of this research is to investigate the cell translocation of two functional nanoparticles (barium sulfate (BaSO₄NPs), europium (III) doped gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (Gd₂O₃@EuNPs)) into A549 cells by Bio-Atomic Force Microscopy (Bio-AFM). Successful cell translocation of these two nanoparticles are ensured from the measurement of changes in the cell surface roughness and interaction (extension), retraction forces from the vertical deflection of tip towards substrate surfaces through force-distance curve slope analysis. Measurement of typical adhesion forces (i.e., extension and retraction) between the tip-substrate (0.0963 and 1.155 nN), tip-A549 cell substrate (0.1177 and 2.468 nN), tip-Gd₂O₃@EuNPs/A549 substrate (0.0785 and 0.4276 nN) and tip-BaSO₄NPs/A549 substrate (0.518 and 6.838 nN) confirms the successful cell translocation of functional nanoparticles into A549 cells. Further the nanoscale resolution of topographical height and 3D images evinces the surface characteristics of normal A549 cells and nanoparticles translocated A549 cells.