Abstract
Ubiquitous connectivity among objects is the future of the coming Internet of Things era. Technologies are competing fiercely to fulfill this goal, but none of them can fit into all application scenarios. However, efforts are still made to expand application ranges of certain technologies. Shortly after the adoption of its newest version, Bluetooth 5.0, the Bluetooth Special Interest Group released another new specification on network topology: Bluetooth Mesh. Combined together, those two bring Bluetooth to a brand new stage. However, current works related to it only focus on part of the new Bluetooth, and discussion over the entire one is lacking. Therefore, in this survey, we conduct an investigation toward the new Bluetooth from a comprehensive perspective. Through this, we show that the new Bluetooth not only consolidates its strengths in original application fields but also brings alterations and opportunities to new ones, making it a strong competitor in the future for providing complete solutions to meet the demands of seamless communications in the Internet of Things area.
- Mathias Baert, Jen Rossey, Adnan Shahid, and Jeroen Hoebeke. 2018. The Bluetooth mesh standard: An overview and experimental evaluation. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 18, 8 (July 2018), 2409.Google Scholar
- Nick Baker. 2005. ZigBee and Bluetooth strengths and weaknesses for industrial applications. Computing 8 Control Engineering Journal 16, 2 (2005), 20--25.Google Scholar
- M. Collotta, G. Pau, T. Talty, and O. K. Tonguz. 2018. Bluetooth 5: A concrete step forward toward the IoT. IEEE Communications Magazine 56, 7 (July 2018), 125--131.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Seyed Mahdi Darroudi and Carles Gomez. 2017. Bluetooth low energy mesh networks: A survey. Sensors 17, 7 (2017), 1467.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Piergiusepps Di Macro, Per Skillermark, Anna Larmo, and Pontus Arvidson. 2017. Bluetooth Mesh Networking. Retrieved July 22, 2017 from https://www.ericsson.com/en/publications/white-papers/bluetooth-mesh-networking.Google Scholar
- Joshua F. Ensworth and Matthew S. Reynolds. 2017. BLE-backscatter: Ultralow-power IoT nodes compatible with Bluetooth 4.0 low energy (BLE) smartphones and tablets. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 65, 9 (2017), 3360--3368.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Christian Gehrmann. 2002. Bluetooth Security White Paper. Bluetooth SIG Security Expert Group.Google Scholar
- Bluetooth Mesh Working Group. 2017. Mesh Profile v1.0. Retrieved April 12, 2019 from https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/mesh-specifications.Google Scholar
- C. T. Hager and S. F. Midkiff. 2003. An analysis of Bluetooth security vulnerabilities. In Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC’03). Vol. 3. 1825--1831.Google Scholar
- Richard W. Hamming. 1950. Error detecting and error correcting codes. Bell System Technical Journal 29, 2 (1950), 147--160.Google ScholarCross Ref
- A. K. M. M. Hossain and W. Soh. 2007. A comprehensive study of Bluetooth signal parameters for localization. In Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications. 1--5.Google Scholar
- N. Hunke, Z. Yusef, M. Ruessmann, F. Schmieg, A. Bhatia, and N. Kalra. 2017. Winning in IoT: It’s all about the business processes. BCG Perspectives. Available at https://www.bcg.com.Google Scholar
- H. J. Pérez Iglesias, V. Barral, and C. J. Escudero. 2012. Indoor person localization system through RSSI Bluetooth fingerprinting. In Proceedings of the 2012 19th International Conference on Systems, Signals, and Image Processing (IWSSIP’12). 40--43.Google Scholar
- Markus Jakobsson and Susanne Wetzel. 2001. Security weaknesses in Bluetooth. In Topics in Cryptology—CT-RSA 2001, D. Naccache (Ed.). Springer, Berlin, Germany, 176--191. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Aravind Kailas, Valentina Cecchi, and Arindam Mukherjee. 2012. A survey of communications and networking technologies for energy management in buildings and home automation. Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2012 (2012), Article 932181, 12 pages.Google Scholar
- Heikki Karvonen, Konstantin Mikhaylov, Matti Hämäläinen, Jari Iinatti, and Carlos Pomalaza-Ráez. 2017. Experimental performance evaluation of BLE 4 vs BLE 5 in indoors and outdoors scenarios. In Advances in Body Area Networks. Springer, 235--251.Google Scholar
- H. Kim, J. Lee, and J. W. Jang. 2015. BLEmesh: A wireless mesh network protocol for Bluetooth low energy devices. In Proceedings of the 2015 3rd International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud. 558--563. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Kouhne and J. Sieck. 2014. Location-based services with iBeacon technology. In Proceedings of the 2014 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Modelling, and Simulation. 315--321. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Silicon Labs. 2018. Benchmarking Bluetooth Mesh, Thread, and Zigbee Network Performance. Retrieved January 15, 2019 from https://www.silabs.com/products/wireless/learning-center/mesh-performance.Google Scholar
- Qiang Ma, Shanfeng Zhang, Tong Zhu, Kebin Liu, Lan Zhang, Wenbo He, and Yunhao Liu. 2017. PLP: Protecting location privacy against correlation analyze attack in crowdsensing. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 16, 9 (2017), 2588--2598.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Daniele Miorandi, Sabrina Sicari, Francesco De Pellegrini, and Imrich Chlamtac. 2012. Internet of Things: Vision, applications and research challenges. Ad Hoc Networks 10, 7 (2012), 1497--1516. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Mpitziopoulos, D. Gavalas, C. Konstantopoulos, and G. Pantziou. 2009. A survey on jamming attacks and countermeasures in WSNs. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials 11, 4 (2009), 42--56. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Thomas Muller. 1999. Bluetooth Security Architecture. White Paper Version 1.0.Google Scholar
- Yuri Murillo, Brecht Reynders, Alessandro Chiumento, Salman Malik, Pieter Crombez, and Sofie Pollin. 2017. Bluetooth now or low energy: Should BLE mesh become a flooding or connection oriented network? In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 28th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC’17). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 1--6.Google ScholarDigital Library
- I. Oksar. 2014. A Bluetooth signal strength based indoor localization method. In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Systems, Signals, and Image Processing (IWSSIP’14). 251--254.Google Scholar
- Gaetano Patti, Luca Leonardi, and Lucia Lo Bello. 2016. A Bluetooth low energy real-time protocol for industrial wireless mesh networks. In Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON’16). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 4627--4632.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Zhongmin Pei, Zhidong Deng, Bo Yang, and Xiaoliang Cheng. 2008. Application-oriented wireless sensor network communication protocols and hardware platforms: A survey. In Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT’08). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 1--6.Google Scholar
- Qualcomm. 2017. CSRmesh Development Kit. Retrieved May 5, 2018 from https://www.qualcomm.com/products/csrmesh-development-kit.Google Scholar
- Yaswanth Kumar Reddy, Praneeth Juturu, Hari Prabhat Gupta, Pramod Reddy Serikar, Shruti Sirur, Sulekha Barak, and Bonggon Kim. 2015. A connection oriented mesh network for mobile devices using Bluetooth low energy. In Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems. ACM, New York, NY, 453--454. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kai Ren. 2017. Exploring Bluetooth 5—How Fast Can It Be? Retrieved February 20, 2017 from https://blog.bluetooth.com/exploring-bluetooth-5-how-fast-can-it-be.Google Scholar
- Janessa Rivera and Rob van der Meulen. 2013. Gartner says the Internet of Things installed base will grow to 26 billion units by 2020. Stamford, CT, December 12.Google Scholar
- F. Samie, L. Bauer, and J. Henkel. 2016. IoT technologies for embedded computing: A survey. In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis (CODES+ISSS’16). 1--10. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Nordic Semiconductor. 2016. Nordic nRF52840. Retrieved April 12, 2019 from https://www.nordicsemi.com/eng/Products/nRF52840.Google Scholar
- Bluetooth SIG. 2016. Bluetooth 5.0 Core Specification. Retrieved April 12, 2019 from https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/bluetooth-core-specification.Google Scholar
- Sheng Tan and Jie Yang. 2016. WiFinger: Leveraging commodity WiFi for fine-grained finger gesture recognition. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing. ACM, New York, NY, 201--210. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jiliang Wang, Zhichao Cao, Xufei Mao, Xiang-Yang Li, and Yunhao Liu. 2016. Towards energy efficient duty-cycled networks: Aanalysis, implications and improvement. IEEE Transactions on Computers 1 (2016), 1--1. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Wendy Warne. 2016. Bluetooth 5 Is Here. Retrieved December 14, 2016 from https://blog.bluetooth.com/bluetooth-5-is-here.Google Scholar
- Wendy Warne. 2017. Exploring Bluetooth 5—What’s New in Advertising? Retrieved February 27, 2017 from https://blog.bluetooth.com/exploring-bluetooth5-whats-new-in-advertising.Google Scholar
- Martin Woolley. 2017. Exploring Bluetooth 5—Going the Distance. Retrieved February 13, 2017 from https://blog.bluetooth.com/exploring-bluetooth-5-going-the-distance.Google Scholar
- C. Wu, Z. Yang, and Y. Liu. 2015. Smartphones based crowdsourcing for indoor localization. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 14, 2 (Feb. 2015), 444--457.Google ScholarCross Ref
- C. Wu, Z. Yang, and C. Xiao. 2018. Automatic radio map adaptation for indoor localization using smartphones. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 17, 3 (March 2018), 517--528.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Chenshu Wu, Zheng Yang, Zimu Zhou, Xuefeng Liu, Yunhao Liu, and Jiannong Cao. 2015. Non-invasive detection of moving and stationary human with wifi. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 33, 11 (2015), 2329--2342.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yaxiong Xie, Zhenjiang Li, and Mo Li. 2018. Precise power delay profiling with commodity Wi-Fi. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (2018), 1--1.Google Scholar
- Zheng Yang, Chenshu Wu, and Yunhao Liu. 2012. Locating in fingerprint space: Wireless indoor localization with little human intervention. In Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom’12). ACM, New York, NY, 269--280. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Zheng Yang, Zimu Zhou, and Yunhao Liu. 2013. From RSSI to CSI: Indoor localization via channel response. ACM Computing Surveys 46, 2 (2013), 25. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Thomas Zahn, Greg O’Shea, and Antony Rowstron. 2009. An empirical study of flooding in mesh networks. SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 37, 2 (Oct. 2009), 57--58. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Zhi-Kai Zhang, Michael Cheng Yi Cho, Chia-Wei Wang, Chia-Wei Hsu, Chong-Kuan Chen, and Shiuhpyng Shieh. 2014. IoT security: Ongoing challenges and research opportunities. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 7th International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing and Applications (SOCA’14). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 230--234. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Y. Zhou, H. Wang, S. Zheng, and Z. Z. Lei. 2013. Advances in IEEE 802.11ah standardization for machine-type communications in sub-1GHz WLAN. In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC’13). 1269--1273.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- A Survey on Bluetooth 5.0 and Mesh: New Milestones of IoT
Recommendations
Exploiting Bluetooth Vulnerabilities in e-Health IoT Devices
ICFNDS '19: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Future Networks and Distributed SystemsInternet of Things (IoT) is an interconnected network of heterogeneous things through the Internet. The current and next generation of e-health systems are dependent on IoT devices such as wireless medical sensors. One of the most important applications ...
Bluetooth: Opening a blue sky for healthcare
Managing Interaction, Location, and Communication in Mobile Information SystemsOver the last few years, there has been a blossoming of developing mobile healthcare programs. Bluetooth technology, which has the advantages of being low-power and inexpensive, whilst being able to transfer moderate amounts of data over a versatile, ...
Comments