Abstract
Engaging users is a priority for designers of products and services of every kind. The need to understand users’ experiences has motivated a focus on user engagement across computer science. However, to date, there has been limited review of how Human--Computer Interaction and computer science research interprets and employs the concept. Questions persist concerning its conception, abstraction, and measurement. This article presents a systematic review of engagement spanning a corpus of 351 articles and 102 definitions. We map the current state of engagement research, including the diverse interpretation, theory, and measurement of the concept. We describe the ecology of engagement and strategies for the design of engaging experiences, discuss the value of the concept and its relationship to other terms, and present a set of guidelines and opportunities for future research.
Supplemental Material
Available for Download
Supplemental movie, appendix, image and software files for, Engagement in HCI: Conception, Theory and Measurement
- Ernest Adams. 1999. Three problems for interactive storytellers. Designer’s Notebook Column, Gamasutra 144 (1999). Retrieved on October 12, 2018 from https://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/131821/the_designers_notebook_three_.php.Google Scholar
- Ioannis Arapakis, Mounia Lalmas, and George Valkanas. 2014. Understanding within-content engagement through pattern analysis of mouse gestures. In Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. ACM, 1439--1448. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Simon Attfield, Gabriella Kazai, Mounia Lalmas, and Benjamin Piwowarski. 2011. Towards a science of user engagement. In Proceedings of the WSDM Workshop on User Modelling for Web Applications.Google Scholar
- Kirsten Boehner, Rogério DePaula, Paul Dourish, and Phoebe Sengers. 2005. Affect: From information to interaction. In Proceedings of the 4th Decennial Conference on Critical Computing: Between Sense and Sensibility. ACM, 59--68. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gordon Calleja. 2007. Digital games as designed experience: Reframing the concept of immersion (unpublished) .Google Scholar
- Carleton Coffrin, Linda Corrin, Paula de Barba, and Gregor Kennedy. 2014. Visualizing patterns of student engagement and performance in MOOCs. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge. ACM, 83--92. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mauro José de Oliveira, Melby Karina Zuniga Huertas, and Zhibin Lin. 2016. Factors driving young users’ engagement with Facebook: Evidence from Brazil. Comput. Hum. Behav. 54 (2016), 54--61. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Daniel C. Dennett. 1971. Intentional systems. J. Philos. 68, 4 (1971), 87--106.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Daniel C. Dennett. 1988. Quining qualia. Consciousness in Modern Science (1988).Google Scholar
- Kevin Doherty and Gavin Doherty. 2018. The construal of experience in HCI: Understanding self-reports. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 110 (2018), 63--74. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alexey Drutsa, Gleb Gusev, and Pavel Serdyukov. 2015. Engagement periodicity in search engine usage: Analysis and its application to search quality evaluation. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining. ACM, 27--36. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Daniel A. Epstein, Jennifer H. Kang, Laura R. Pina, James Fogarty, and Sean A. Munson. 2016. Reconsidering the device in the drawer: Lapses as a design opportunity in personal informatics. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing. ACM, 829--840. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alexandra Eveleigh, Charlene Jennett, Ann Blandford, Philip Brohan, and Anna L. Cox. 2014. Designing for dabblers and deterring drop-outs in citizen science. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 2985--2994. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Rebecca Ferguson and Doug Clow. 2015. Examining engagement: Analysing learner subpopulations in massive open online courses (MOOCs). In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge. ACM, 51--58. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Arlene Fink. 2013. Conducting Research Literature Reviews: From the Internet to Paper. Sage Publications.Google Scholar
- William Fleeson. 2007. Situation-based contingencies underlying trait-content manifestation in behavior. J. Pers. 75, 4 (2007), 825--862.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Jennifer A. Fredricks, Phyllis C. Blumenfeld, and Alison H. Paris. 2004. School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Rev. Educ. Res. 74, 1 (2004), 59--109.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Erving Goffman et al. 1978. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Harmondsworth.Google Scholar
- Charles A. E. Goodhart. 1975. Problems of monetary management: The UK experience. In Papers in Monetary Economics, Volume I. Reserve Bank of Australia.Google Scholar
- Jonathan Grix. 2010. The Foundations of Research. Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
- Mohammad Reza Habibi, Michel Laroche, and Marie-Odile Richard. 2014. The roles of brand community and community engagement in building brand trust on social media. Comput. Hum. Behav. 37 (2014), 152--161. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Juho Hamari, David J. Shernoff, Elizabeth Rowe, Brianno Coller, Jodi Asbell-Clarke, and Teon Edwards. 2016. Challenging games help students learn: An empirical study on engagement, flow and immersion in game-based learning. Comput. Human Behav. 54 (2016), 170--179. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chris Hart. 2001. Doing a Literature Search: A Comprehensive Guide for the Social Sciences. Sage. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kasper Hornbæk. 2006. Current practice in measuring usability: Challenges to usability studies and research. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 64, 2 (2006), 79--102. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Eva Hudlicka. 2008. What are we modeling when we model emotion? In Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium: Emotion, Personality, and Social Behavior. 52--59.Google Scholar
- Christopher D. Hundhausen, Sarah A. Douglas, and John T. Stasko. 2002. A meta-study of software visualization effectiveness. J. Vis. Lang. Comput. 13, 3 (2002), 259--290.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Heekyoung Jung, Erik Stolterman, Will Ryan, Tonya Thompson, and Marty Siegel. 2008. Toward a framework for ecologies of artifacts: How are digital artifacts interconnected within a personal life? In Proceedings of the 5th Nordic Conference on Human-computer Interaction: Building Bridges. ACM, 201--210. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Song Jung and Sangwon Lee. 2016. Developing a model for continuous user engagement in social media. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication. ACM, 19. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Avinash Kaushik. 2007. Engagement Is Not A Metric, It’s An Excuse. Retrieved May 8, 2016 from http://www.kaushik.net/avinash/engagement-is-not-a-metric-its-an-excuse/.Google Scholar
- Matthew A. Killingsworth and Daniel T. Gilbert. 2010. A wandering mind is an unhappy mind. Science 330, 6006 (2010), 932--932.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Barbara Kitchenham, O. Pearl Brereton, David Budgen, Mark Turner, John Bailey, and Stephen Linkman. 2009. Systematic literature reviews in software engineering--a systematic literature review. Inf. Softw. Technol. 51, 1 (2009), 7--15. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alfred Korzybski. 1958. Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics. Institute of GS.Google Scholar
- Brenda Laurel. 1991. Computers as theatre. 1991. Addison-Wesley, New York, NY. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Joon Soo Lim, YoungChan Hwang, Seyun Kim, and Frank A. Biocca. 2015. How social media engagement leads to sports channel loyalty: Mediating roles of social presence and channel commitment. Comput. Hum. Behav. 46 (2015), 158--167. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gitte Lindgaard and Cathy Dudek. 2003. What is this evasive beast we call user satisfaction? Interact. Comput. 15, 3 (2003), 429--452.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Gloria Mark, Shamsi T. Iqbal, Mary Czerwinski, and Paul Johns. 2014. Bored mondays and focused afternoons: The rhythm of attention and online activity in the workplace. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 3025--3034. Google ScholarDigital Library
- John McCarthy and Peter Wright. 2004. Technology as Experience. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mark McGill, Daniel Boland, Roderick Murray-Smith, and Stephen Brewster. 2015. A dose of reality: Overcoming usability challenges in vr head-mounted displays. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 2143--2152. Google ScholarDigital Library
- David Moher, Alessandro Liberati, Jennifer Tetzlaff, and Douglas G. Altman. 2009. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Ann. Internal Med. 151, 4 (2009), 264--269.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Rosalind W. Picard. 2000. Affective Computing. MIT Press. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Isabella Poggi. 2007. Mind, Hands, Face and Body. A Goal and Belief View of Multimodal Communication. Weidler.Google Scholar
- Karl R. Popper. 1959. The Logic of Scientific Discovery. Hutchinson, London.Google Scholar
- Chris Preist, Elaine Massung, and David Coyle. 2014. Competing or aiming to be average?: Normification as a means of engaging digital volunteers. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work 8 Social Computing. ACM, 1222--1233. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Whitney Quesenbury. 2002. The five dimensions of usability. Content and Complexity: Information Design in Technical Communication, Michael J. Albers and Mary Beth Mazur (Eds.). Routledge, 81--102.Google Scholar
- Dimitrios Raptis, Jesper Kjeldskov, Mikael B. Skov, and Jeni Paay. 2014. What is a digital ecology?: Theoretical foundations and a unified definition. Austr. J. Intell. Inf. Process. Syst. 13, 4 (2014).Google Scholar
- Soumya Ray, Sung S. Kim, and James G. Morris. 2014. The central role of engagement in online communities. Inf. Syst. Res. 25, 3 (2014), 528--546. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Horst W. J. Rittel and Melvin M. Webber. 1973. Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sci. 4, 2 (1973), 155--169.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Yvonne Rogers. 2006. Moving on from Weiser’s vision of calm computing: Engaging ubicomp experiences. In Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp’06). Springer, 404--421. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Natasha Dow Schüll. 2012. Addiction by Design: Machine Gambling in Las Vegas. Princeton University Press. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Herbert A. Simon. 1969. The Sciences of the Artificial. Cambridge. MIT Press Cambridge, MA.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Paul Thomas, Heather O’Brien, and Tom Rowlands. 2016. Measuring engagement with online forms. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM on Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval. ACM, 325--328. Google ScholarDigital Library
- David Zyngier. 2007. Listening to teachers--listening to students: Substantive conversations about resistance, empowerment and engagement. Teach. Teach. Theory Pract. 13, 4 (2007), 327--347.Google ScholarCross Ref
- David Zyngier. 2008. (Re) conceptualising student engagement: Doing education not doing time. Teach. Teach. Educ. 24, 7 (2008), 1765--1776.Google ScholarCross Ref
- <b>REVIEW CORPUS REFERENCES</b>Google Scholar
- Mojtaba Khomami Abadi, Jacopo Staiano, Alessandro Cappelletti, Massimo Zancanaro, and Nicu Sebe. 2013. Multimodal engagement classification for affective cinema. In Proceedings of the 2013 Humaine Association Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction. IEEE, 411--416 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alex Abreu, Gye Won Gho, and Daragh Byrne. 2013. Scatter!: A mobile non-parallel multiplayer exertion game. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (IDC’13). ACM Press, 632. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Rieks Akker, Dennis Hofs, Hendri Hondorp, Harm Akker, Job Zwiers, and Anton Nijholt. 2009. Supporting engagement and floor control in hybrid meetings. In Cross-Modal Analysis of Speech, Gestures, Gaze and Facial Expressions. Vol. 5641. Springer, Berlin, 276--290. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Stylianos Asteriadis, Kostas Karpouzis, and Stefanos Kollias. 2009. Feature extraction and selection for inferring user engagement in an HCI environment. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Part I: New Trends, Vol. 5610. Springer, Berlin, 22--29. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ron Baecker, Melanie Baran, Jeremy Birnholtz, Clarence Chan, Joe Laszlo, Kelly Rankin, Russ Schick, and Peter Wolf. 2006. Enhancing interactivity in webcasts with VoIP. In Proceedings of the CHI’06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA’06). ACM Press, 235. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ricardo Baeza-Yates and Mounia Lalmas. 2012. User engagement: The network effect matters! In Proceedings of the 21st ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM’12). ACM Press, 1. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Rafael Ballagas, Thérèse E. Dugan, Glenda Revelle, Koichi Mori, Maria Sandberg, Janet Go, Emily Reardon, and Mirjana Spasojevic. 2013. Electric agents: Fostering sibling joint media engagement through interactive television and augmented reality. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW’13). ACM Press, 225. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alex Barco, Jordi Albo-Canals, and Carles Garriga. 2014. Engagement based on a customization of an iPod-LEGO robot for a long-term interaction for an educational purpose. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-robot Interaction (HRI’14). ACM Press, 124--125. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jeffrey Bardzell, Shaowen Bardzell, Tyler Pace, and Jeremi Karnell. 2008. Making user engagement visible: A multimodal strategy for interactive media experience research. In Proceeding of the 26th annual CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’08). ACM Press, 3663. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Anastasios (Tasos) Barkatsas, Katerina Kasimatis, and Vasilis Gialamas. 2009. Learning secondary mathematics with technology: Exploring the complex interrelationship between students’ attitudes, engagement, gender and achievement. Comput. Educ. 52, 3 (Apr. 2009), 562--570. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Carole R. Beal, Lei Qu, and Hyokyeong Lee. 2006. Classifying learner engagement through integration of multiple data sources. In Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI Press, 151--156. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Russell Beale and Chris Creed. 2009. Affective interaction: How emotional agents affect users. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 67, 9 (Sept. 2009), 755--776. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ashwin Belle, Rosalyn Hobson, and Kayvan Najarian. 2011. A physiological signal processing system for optimal engagement and attention detection. In Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine Workshops (BIBMW’11). IEEE, 555--561. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sebastian Hurup Bevensee, Kasper Alexander Dahlsgaard Boisen, Mikael Peter Olsen, Henrik Schoenau-Fog, and Luis Emilio Bruni. 2012. Aporia—Exploring continuation desire in a game focused on environmental storytelling. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Interactive Storytelling, Vol. 7648. Springer, Berlin, 42--47. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Nadia Bianchi-Berthouze, Whan Woong Kim, and Darshak Patel. 2007. Does body movement engage you more in digital game play? and why? In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII’07), Vol. 4738. Springer, Berlin, 102--113. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Timothy Bickmore, Daniel Schulman, and Langxuan Yin. 2010. Maintaining engagement in long-term interventions with relational agents. Appl. Artif. Intell. 24, 6 (Jul. 2010), 648--666. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Timothy W. Bickmore, Sunny Consolvo, and Stephen S. Intille. 2009. Engagement by design. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA’09). ACM Press, 4807. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Cezary Biele, Agata Kopacz, and Krzysztof Krejtz. 2013. Shall we care about the user’s feelings?: Influence of affect and engagement on visual attention. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia, Interaction, Design and Innovation (MIDI’13). ACM Press, 1. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Stacey Birkett, Adam Galpin, Simon Cassidy, Lynne Marrow, and Sarah Norgate. 2011. How revealing are eye-movements for understanding web engagement in young children. In Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA’11). ACM Press, 2251. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jeremy Birnholtz, Jeff Hancock, and Daniela Retelny. 2013. Tweeting for class: Co-construction as a means for engaging students in lectures. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’13). ACM Press, 797. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Robert Bixler and Sidney D’Mello. 2013. Detecting boredom and engagement during writing with keystroke analysis, task appraisals, and stable traits. In Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI’13). ACM Press, 225. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Benjamin Blankertz, Michael Tangermann, Carmen Vidaurre, Siamac Fazli, Claudia Sannelli, Stefan Haufe, Cecilia Maeder, Lenny Ramsey, Irene Sturm, Gabriel Curio, et al. 2010. The Berlin brain--computer interface: Non-medical uses of BCI technology. Front. Neurosci. 4 (2010).Google Scholar
- Lorena Blasco-Arcas, Isabel Buil, Blanca Hernández-Ortega, and F. Javier Sese. 2013. Using clickers in class. The role of interactivity, active collaborative learning and engagement in learning performance. Comput. Educ. 62 (Mar. 2013), 102--110.Google Scholar
- Dan Bohus and Eric Horvitz. 2009a. Dialog in the open world: Platform and applications. In Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces (ICMI-MLMI’09). ACM Press, 31. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Dan Bohus and Eric Horvitz. 2009b. Learning to predict engagement with a spoken dialog system in open-world settings. In Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue (SIGDIAL’09). Association for Computational Linguistics, 244--252. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Dan Bohus and Eric Horvitz. 2009c. Models for multiparty engagement in open-world dialog. In Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue (SIGDIAL’09). Association for Computational Linguistics, 225--234. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Francesca Bonin, Ronald Bock, and Nick Campbell. 2012. How do we react to context? Annotation of individual and group engagement in a video corpus. In Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust and 2012 International Conference on Social Computing. IEEE, 899--903. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hara Bouta and Symeon Retalis. 2013. Enhancing primary school children collaborative learning experiences in maths via a 3D virtual environment. Educ. Inf. Technol. 18, 4 (May 2013), 571--596. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Elizabeth A. Boyle, Thomas M. Connolly, Thomas Hainey, and James M. Boyle. 2012. Engagement in digital entertainment games: A systematic review. Comput. Hum. Behav. 28, 3 (May 2012), 771--780. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jeanne H. Brockmyer, Christine M. Fox, Kathleen A. Curtiss, Evan McBroom, Kimberly M. Burkhart, and Jacquelyn N. Pidruzny. 2009. The development of the game engagement questionnaire: A measure of engagement in video game-playing. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 45, 4 (2009), 624--634.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Eva Petersson Brooks. 2013. Ludic engagement designs: Creating spaces for playful learning. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction (UAHCI’13), Vol. 8011. Springer, Berlin, 241--249. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Emily Brown and Paul Cairns. 2004. A grounded investigation of game immersion. In Extended Abstracts of the 2004 Conference on Human Factors and Computing Systems (CHI’04). ACM Press, 1297. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Nick Bryan-Kinns. 2013. Mutual engagement and collocation with shared representations. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 71, 1 (Jan. 2013), 76--90. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Agnese Caglio and Jacob Buur. 2012. Creating engagement with old research videos. In Proceedings of the 2012 International Symposium on Pervasive Displays (PerDis’12). ACM Press, 1--6. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hua Cai and Yingzi Lin. 2012. Coordinating cognitive assistance with cognitive engagement control approaches in human-machine collaboration. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybernet. A 42, 2 (Mar. 2012), 286--294. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Tara Carrigy, Katsiaryna Naliuka, Natasa Paterson, and Mads Haahr. 2010. Design and evaluation of player experience of a location-based mobile game. In Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction Extending Boundaries (NordiCHI’10). ACM Press, 92. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ginevra Castellano, André Pereira, Iolanda Leite, Ana Paiva, and Peter W. McOwan. 2009. Detecting user engagement with a robot companion using task and social interaction-based features. In Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces (ICMI-MLMI’09). ACM Press, 119. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mark Chen, Beth E. Kolko, Elisabeth Cuddihy, and Eliana Medina. 2011. Modeling but NOT measuring engagement in computer games. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Games + Learning + Society. ETC Press, 55--63. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Vinay Chilukuri and Bipin Indurkhya. 2011. An algorithm to generate engaging narratives through non-linearity. In Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia (HT’11). ACM Press, 291. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ahyoung Choi, Celso De Melo, Woontack Woo, and Jonathan Gratch. 2012. Affective engagement to emotional facial expressions of embodied social agents in a decision-making game. Comput. Anim. Virt. Worlds 23, 3--4 (May 2012), 331--342. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jung Ju Choi, Yunkyung Kim, and Sonya S. Kwak. 2014. Are you embarrassed?: The impact of robot types on emotional engagement with a robot. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-robot interaction (HRI’14). ACM Press, 138--139. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chun-Juei Chou and Chris Conley. 2011. Investigating users’ interaction with physical products applying qualitative and quantitative methods. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Human Centered Design. Springer-Verlag, 3--12. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hsin-Kai Chou, I-Chun Lin, Lin-Chung Woung, and Ming-Tsu Tsai. 2012. Engagement in E-learning opportunities: An empirical study on patient education using expectation confirmation theory.J. Med. Syst. 36, 3 (Jun. 2012), 1697--706. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Elizabeth F. Churchill. 2010. Enticing engagement. Interactions 17, 3 (May 2010), 82. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mihaela Cocea and Stephan Weibelzahl. 2007. Cross-system validation of engagement prediction from log files. Creating New Learning Experiences on a Global Scale, Erik Duval, Ralf Klamma, and Martin Wolpers (Eds.). Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 14--25. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Martin Colbert and Angela Boodoo. 2011. Does ‘Letting Go of the Words’ increase engagement: A traffic study. In Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA’11). ACM Press, 655. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Luca Colombo and Monica Landoni. 2011. Towards an engaging e-reading experience. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Online Books, Complementary Social Media and Crowdsourcing (BooksOnline’11). ACM Press, 61. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Thomas M. Connolly, Elizabeth A. Boyle, Ewan MacArthur, Thomas Hainey, and James M. Boyle. 2012. A systematic literature review of empirical evidence on computer games and serious games. Comput. Educ. 59, 2 (Sept. 2012), 661--686. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Lee J. Corrigan, Christina Basedow, Dennis Küster, Arvid Kappas, Christopher Peters, and Ginevra Castellano. 2014. Mixing implicit and explicit probes: Finding a ground truth for engagement in social human-robot interactions. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-robot Interaction (HRI’14). ACM Press, 140--141. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Lee J. Corrigan, Christopher Peters, and Ginevra Castellano. 2013. Identifying task engagement: Towards personalised interactions with educational robots. In Proceedings of the 2013 Humaine Association Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction. IEEE, 655--658. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ben Cowley, Darryl Charles, Michaela Black, and Ray Hickey. 2008. Toward an understanding of flow in video games. Comput. Entertain. 6, 2 (Jul. 2008), 1. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Peter Dalsgaard, Christian Dindler, and Kim Halskov. 2011. Understanding the dynamics of engaging interaction in public spaces. In Proceedings of the 13th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-computer Interaction (INTERACT’11). Springer-Verlag, 212--229. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Anirban Dasgupta, Kunal Punera, Justin M. Rao, and Xuanhui Wang. 2012. Impact of spam exposure on user engagement. In Proceedings of the 21st USENIX Conference on Security Symposium (Security’12). USENIX Association, 3. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chris H. J. Davies. 2002. Student engagement with simulations: A case study. Comput. Educ. 39, 3 (Nov. 2002), 271--282. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kristine Deray and Simeon Simoff. 2012. Framing interaction through engagement in interactive open ended environments. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Visualisation. IEEE, 534--539. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Christian Dindler, Ole Sejer Iversen, and Peter Gall Krogh. 2011. Engagement through mixed modalities. Interactions 18, 4 (Jul. 2011), 34. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sidney D’Mello, Patrick Hays, Claire Williams, Whitney Cade, Jennifer Brown, and Andrew Olney. 2010. Collaborative lecturing by human and computer tutors. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS’10), Vol. 6095. Springer, Berlin, 178--187. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Florin Dobrian, Asad Awan, Dilip Joseph, Aditya Ganjam, Jibin Zhan, Vyas Sekar, Ion Stoica, and Hui Zhang. 2013. Understanding the impact of video quality on user engagement. Commun. ACM 56, 3 (Mar. 2013), 91. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Adrián Domínguez, Joseba Saenz-de Navarrete, Luis De-Marcos, Luis Fernández-Sanz, Carmen Pagés, and José-Javier Martínez-Herráiz. 2013. Gamifying learning experiences: Practical implications and outcomes. Comput. Educ. 63 (Apr. 2013), 380--392. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Claire Dormann, Pippin Barr, and Robert Biddle. 2006. Humour theory and videogames: Laughter in the slaughter. In Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Videogames (Sandbox’06). ACM Press, 95--98. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yellowlees Douglas and Andrew Hargadon. 2000. The pleasure principle: Immersion, engagement, flow. In Proceedings of the 11th ACM on Hypertext and hypermedia (HYPERTEXT’00). ACM Press, 153--160. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Steven Dow. 2007. User engagement in physically embodied narrative experiences. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI Conference on Creativity & Cognition (C&C’’’07). ACM Press, 280. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Steven Dow, Manish Mehta, Ellie Harmon, Blair MacIntyre, and Michael Mateas. 2007. Presence and engagement in an interactive drama. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’07). ACM Press, 1475. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Georges Dupret and Mounia Lalmas. 2013. Absence time and user engagement: Evaluating ranking functions. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM’13). ACM Press, 173. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Wade Fagen and Samuel Kamin. 2013. Measuring increased engagement using tablet PCs in a code review class. In Proceeding of the 44th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE’13). ACM Press, 465. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Stephen H. Fairclough, Kiel Gilleade, Katie C. Ewing, and Jenna Roberts. 2013. Capturing user engagement via psychophysiology: Measures and mechanisms for biocybernetic adaptation. Int. J. Auton. Adapt. Commun. Syst. 6, 1 (Dec. 2013), 63. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Shelly Farnham, David Keyes, Vicky Yuki, and Chris Tugwell. 2012. Puget sound off: Fostering youth civic engagement through citizen journalism. In Proceedings of the ACM 2012 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW’12). ACM Press, 285. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alessandro Febretti and Franca Garzotto. 2009. Usability, playability, and long-term engagement in computer games. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA’09). ACM Press, 4063. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Joel E. Fischer and Steve Benford. 2009. Inferring player engagement in a pervasive experience. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’09). ACM Press, 1903. Google ScholarDigital Library
- James Fogarty, Andrew J. Ko, Htet Htet Aung, Elspeth Golden, Karen P. Tang, and Scott E. Hudson. 2005. Examining task engagement in sensor-based statistical models of human interruptibility. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’05). ACM Press, 331. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mary Ellen Foster, Andre Gaschler, and Manuel Giuliani. 2013. How can I help you?: Comparing engagement classification strategies for a robot bartender. In Proceedings of the 15th ACM on International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (ICMI’13). ACM Press, 255--262. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jill Freyne, Michal Jacovi, Ido Guy, and Werner Geyer. 2009. Increasing engagement through early recommender intervention. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys’09). ACM Press, 85. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Federico Cirett Galán and Carole R. Beal. 2012. EEG estimates of engagement and cognitive workload predict math problem solving outcomes. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization, Vol. 7379. Springer, Berlin, 51--62. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Merve Gençer, Gökhan Bilgin, Özgür Zan, and Tansel VoyvodaoÄlu. 2013. A new framework for increasing user engagement in mobile applications using machine learning techniques. In Proceedings of the International Conference of Design, User Experience, and Usability. Springer, 651--659. Google ScholarDigital Library
- James Glasnapp and Oliver Brdiczka. 2009. A human-centered model for detecting technology engagement. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Part III: Ubiquitous and Intelligent Interaction, Vol. 5612. Springer, Berlin, 621--630. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Benjamin S. Goldberg, Robert A. Sottilare, Keith W. Brawner, and Heather K. Holden. 2011. Predicting learner engagement during well-defined and Ill-defined computer-based intercultural interactions. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction—Volume Part I. Springer-Verlag, 538--547. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Douglas Grimes, Mark Warschauer, Tara Hutchinson, and Falko Kuester. 2005. Computer graphics instruction in VizClass. J. Educ. Resourc. Comput. 5, 4 (Dec. 2005), 1--12. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sofiane Gueddana and Nicolas Roussel. 2006. Pêle-Mêle, a video communication system supporting a variable degree of engagement. In Proceedings of the 2006 20th Anniversary Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW’06). ACM Press, 423. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hayrettin Gürkök, Gido Hakvoort, and Mannes Poel. 2011. Evaluating user experience in a selection based brain-computer interface game: A comparative study. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Entertainment Computing, Vol. 6972. Springer, Berlin, 77--88. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Lynne Hall, Sarah Woods, Ruth Aylett, Lynne Newall, and Ana Paiva. 2005. Achieving empathic engagement through affective interaction with synthetic characters. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII’05), Vol. 3784. Springer, Berlin, 731--738. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Stuart Hansen and Erica Eddy. 2007. Engagement and frustration in programming projects. ACM SIGCSE Bull. 39, 1 (Mar. 2007), 271. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jennefer Hart, Alistair Sutcliffe, and Antonella De Angeli. 2012. Using affect to evaluate user engagement. In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Annual Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts (CHIEA‘12). ACM Press, 1811. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Casper Harteveld, Eleonore ten Thij, and Marinka Copier. 2011. Design for engaging experience and social interaction. Simul. Gam. 42, 5 (Nov. 2011), 590--595. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Patrick Hennig, Philipp Berger, Christoph Meinel, Maria Graber, Jens Hildebrandt, Stefan Lehmann, and Cathleen Ramson. 2013. Tracking visitor engagement in the blogosphere for leveraging rankings. In Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Social Computing. IEEE, 365--372. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. M. Houtkamp, A. Toet, and F. A. Bos. 2012. Task-relevant sound and user experience in computer-mediated firefighter training. Simul. Gam. 43, 6 (May 2012), 778--802. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Paul Jen-Hwa Hu and Wendy Hui. 2012. Examining the role of learning engagement in technology-mediated learning and its effects on learning effectiveness and satisfaction. Decis. Support Syst. 53, 4 (Nov. 2012), 782--792. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jessica Hullman, Eytan Adar, and Priti Shah. 2011. Benefitting InfoVis with visual difficulties. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 17, 12 (Dec. 2011), 2213--22. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mark I. Hwang and Ron G. Thorn. 1999. The effect of user engagement on system success: A meta-analytical integration of research findings. Inf. Manage. 35, 4 (Apr. 1999), 229--236. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ioanna Iacovides. 2009. Exploring the link between player involvement and learning within digital games. In Proceedings of the 23rd British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: Celebrating People and Technology. British Computer Society, 29--34. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ryo Ishii and Yukiko I. Nakano. 2008. Estimating user’s conversational engagement based on gaze behaviors. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Vol. 5208. Springer, Berlin, 200--207. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ryo Ishii and Yukiko I. Nakano. 2010. An empirical study of eye-gaze behaviors: Towards the estimation of conversational engagement in human-agent communication. In Proceedings of the 2010 Workshop on Eye Gaze in Intelligent Human Machine Interaction (EGIHMI’10). ACM Press, 33--40. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Carolina Islas Sedano, Verona Leendertz, Mikko Vinni, Erkki Sutinen, and Suria Ellis. 2013. Hypercontextualized learning games: Fantasy, motivation, and engagement in reality. Simul. Gam. 44, 6 (Dec. 2013), 821--845. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Essi Isohanni and Maria Knobelsdorf. 2011. Students’ long-term engagement with the visualization tool VIP. In Proceedings of the 11th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research (Koli Calling’11). ACM Press, 33. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Giulio Jacucci, Ann Morrison, Gabriela T. Richard, Jari Kleimola, Peter Peltonen, Lorenza Parisi, and Toni Laitinen. 2010. Worlds of information: Designing for engagement at a public multi-touch display. In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’10). ACM Press, 2267. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alejandro Jaimes, Mounia Lalmas, and Yana Volkovich. 2011a. First international workshop on social media engagement (SoME 2011). In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference companion on World Wide Web (WWW’11). ACM Press, 309. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alejandro Jaimes, Mounia Lalmas, and Yana Volkovich. 2011b. First international workshop on social media engagement (SoME 2011) (report). ACM SIGIR Forum 45, 1 (May 2011), 56. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Leon A. Kappelman. 1995. Measuring user involvement: A diffusion of innovation perspective. ACM SIGMIS Database 26, 2--3 (May 1995), 65--86. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ville Karavirta and Ari Korhonen. 2006. Automatic tutoring question generation during algorithm simulation. In Proceedings of the 6th Baltic Sea Conference on Computing Education Research (Koli Calling’06). ACM Press, 95. Google ScholarDigital Library
- B. Joon Kim and Stephen W. Kleinschmit. 2012. A logistic multilevel model for civic engagement and community group impact in the digital age. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance (ICEGOV’12). ACM Press, 34. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Young Hoon Kim, Dan J. Kim, and Kathy Wachter. 2013. A study of mobile user engagement (MoEN): Engagement motivations, perceived value, satisfaction, and continued engagement intention. Decis. Support Syst. 56 (Dec. 2013), 361--370.Google Scholar
- Samuel O. King and Carol L. Robinson. 2009. ‘Pretty Lights’ and maths! Increasing student engagement and enhancing learning through the use of electronic voting systems. Comput. Educ. 53, 1 (Aug. 2009), 189--199. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ben Kirman, Shaun Lawson, Conor Linehan, Francesco Martino, Luciano Gamberini, and Andrea Gaggioli. 2010. Improving social game engagement on facebook through enhanced socio-contextual information. In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’10). ACM Press, 1753. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Michel Klein and Rianne Van Lambalgen. 2011. Design of an optimal automation system: Finding a balance between a human’s task engagement and exhaustion. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems Conference on Modern Approaches in Applied Intelligence,Volume Part II. Springer-Verlag, 98--108. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Natalia Kucirkova, David Messer, Kieron Sheehy, and Carmen Fernández Panadero. 2014. Children’s engagement with educational iPad apps: Insights from a Spanish classroom. Comput. Educ. 71 (Feb. 2014), 175--184. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Stacey Kuznetsov, Will Harrigan-Anderson, Haakon Faste, Scott E. Hudson, and Eric Paulos. 2013. Community engagements with living sensing systems. In Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Creativity & Cognition (C&C’’’13). ACM Press, 213. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chih-Hui Lai. 2014. An integrated approach to untangling mediated connectedness with online and mobile media. Comput. Hum. Behav. 31 (Feb. 2014), 20--26. Google ScholarDigital Library
- K. K. Lamberty. 2004. Sustaining student engagement with a constructionist design tool for craft and math. In Proceeding of the 2004 Conference on Interaction Design and Children Building a Community (IDC’04). ACM Press, 165--166. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Celine Latulipe, Erin A. Carroll, and Danielle Lottridge. 2011. Love, hate, arousal and engagement: Exploring audience responses to performing arts. In Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’11). ACM Press, 1845. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Raymond S. T. Lee, James N. K. Liu, Karo S. Y. Yeung, Alan H. L. Sin, and Dennis T. F. Shum. 2009. Agent-based web content engagement time (WCET) analyzer on e-publication system. In Proceedings of the 2009 9th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications. IEEE, 67--72. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Scott LeeTiernan and Jonathan Grudin. 2003. Supporting engagement in asynchronous education. In Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’03). ACM Press, 888. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Janette Lehmann, Mounia Lalmas, Ricardo Baeza-Yates, and Elad Yom-Tov. 2013a. Networked user engagement. In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on User Engagement Optimization (UEO’13). ACM Press, 7--10. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Janette Lehmann, Mounia Lalmas, Georges Dupret, and Ricardo Baeza-Yates. 2013b. Online multitasking and user engagement. In Proceedings of the 22nd ACM International Conference on Conference on Information & Knowledge Management (CIKM’13). ACM Press, 519--528. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Janette Lehmann, Mounia Lalmas, Elad Yom-Tov, and Georges Dupret. 2012. Models of user engagement. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization (UMAP’12), Vol. 7379. Springer, Berlin, 164--175. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gilly Leshed, Theresa Velden, Oya Rieger, Blazej Kot, and Phoebe Sengers. 2008. In-car gps navigation: Engagement with and disengagement from the environment. In Proceeding of the 26th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’08). ACM Press, 1675. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Aleck C. H. Lin, Walter D. Fernandez, and Shirley Gregor. 2012. Understanding web enjoyment experiences and informal learning: A study in a museum context. Decis. Support Syst. 53, 4 (Nov. 2012), 846--858. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Siân E. Lindley, James Le Couteur, and Nadia L. Berthouze. 2008. Stirring up experience through movement in game play: Effects on engagement and social behaviour. In Proceeding of the 26th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’08). ACM Press, 511. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Micah Linnemeier, Yi-Ying Lin, Gierad Laput, and Ramachandra Vijjapurapu. 2012. StoryCubes: Connecting elders in independent living through storytelling. In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Annual Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts (CHI EA’12). ACM Press, 1321. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yefeng Liu, Todorka Alexandrova, and Tatsuo Nakajima. 2011. Gamifying intelligent environments. In Proceedings of the 2011 International ACM Workshop on Ubiquitous Meta User Interfaces (Ubi-MUI’11). ACM Press, 7. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Derek Lomas, John Stamper, Ryan Muller, Kishan Patel, and Kenneth R. Koedinger. 2012. The effects of adaptive sequencing algorithms on player engagement within an online game. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS’12), Vol. 7315. Springer, Berlin, 588--590. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Luca Longo. 2011. Human-computer interaction and human mental workload: Assessing cognitive engagement in the world wide web. In Proceedings of the IFIP Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Springer-Verlag, 402--405. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bride Mallon and Brian Webb. 2000. Structure, causality, visibility and interaction: Propositions for evaluating engagement in narrative multimedia. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 53, 2 (Aug. 2000), 269--287. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Tim Marsh, Michael Nitsche, Wei Liu, Peichi Chung, Jay D. Bolter, and Adrian D. Cheok. 2008. Film informing design for contemplative gameplay. In Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Video Games (Sandbox’08). ACM Press, 99. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Francesco Martino, Roberto Baù, Anna Spagnolli, and Luciano Gamberini. 2009. Presence in the age of social networks: Augmenting mediated environments with feedback on group activity. Virt. Real. 13, 3 (Jul. 2009), 183--194. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Lori McCay-Peet, Mounia Lalmas, and Vidhya Navalpakkam. 2012. On saliency, affect and focused attention. In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Annual Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’12). ACM Press, 541. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Elisabeth McClure. 2013. Infant emotional engagement in video mediated interactions. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (IDC’13). ACM Press, 655. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Olivia Metcalf and Kristen Pammer. 2011. Attentional bias in excessive massively multiplayer online role-playing gamers using a modified Stroop task. Comput. Hum. Behav. 27, 5 (Sept. 2011), 1942--1947. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Niko Myller, Roman Bednarik, Erkki Sutinen, and Mordechai Ben-Ari. 2009. Extending the engagement taxonomy: Software visualization and collaborative learning. ACM Trans. Comput. Educ. 9, 1 (Mar. 2009), 1--27. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yukiko Nakano and Yuji Yamaoka. 2009. Information state based multimodal dialogue management: Estimating conversational engagement from gaze information. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA’09), Vol. 5773. Springer, Berlin, 531--532. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Thomas L. Naps, Susan Rodger, J. Ángel Velázquez-Iturbide, Guido Rößling, Vicki Almstrum, Wanda Dann, Rudolf Fleischer, Chris Hundhausen, Ari Korhonen, Lauri Malmi, and Myles McNally. 2002. Exploring the role of visualization and engagement in computer science education. ACM SIGCSE Bull. 35, 2 (Jun. 2002), 131. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Surya Nepal, Wanita Sherchan, and Cecile Paris. 2012. Building trust communities using social trust. Adv. User Model. 7138 (Jul. 2012), 243--255. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mark Notess. 2008. The e-Learning Rules of Engagement. eLearn 2008, 11 (Nov. 2008), 2. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Heather L. O’Brien and Elaine G. Toms. 2008. What is user engagement? A conceptual framework for defining user engagement with technology. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 59, 6 (Apr. 2008), 938--955. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Heather L. O’Brien and Elaine G. Toms. 2010a. Is there a universal instrument for measuring interactive information retrieval? In Proceeding of the 3rd Symposium on Information Interaction in Context (IIiX’10). ACM Press, 335. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Heather L. O’Brien and Elaine G. Toms. 2010b. The development and evaluation of a survey to measure user engagement. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 61, 1 (Jan. 2010), 50--69. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Heather L. O’Brien and Elaine G. Toms. 2013. Examining the generalizability of the user engagement scale (UES) in exploratory search. Inf. Process. Manage. 49, 5 (Sept. 2013), 1092--1107. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Catharine Oertel. 2013. Towards developing a model for group involvement and individual engagement. In Proceedings of the 15th ACM on International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (ICMI’13). ACM Press, 349--352. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Catharine Oertel and Giampiero Salvi. 2013. A gaze-based method for relating group involvement to individual engagement in multimodal multiparty dialogue. In Proceedings of the 15th ACM on International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (ICMI’13). ACM Press, 99--106. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kimmo Oksanen. 2013. Subjective experience and sociability in a collaborative serious game. Simul. Gam. 44, 6 (Dec. 2013), 767--793. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ryota Ooko, Ryo Ishii, and Yukiko I. Nakano. 2011. Estimating a user’s conversational engagement based on head pose information. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA’11). Springer-Verlag, 262--268. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sharon Oviatt, Colin Swindells, and Alex Arthur. 2008. Implicit user-adaptive system engagement in speech and pen interfaces. In Proceedings of the 26th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’08). ACM Press, 969. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hun Myoung Park. 2006. The impacts of digital government on civic engagement: A typology of information technology use. In Proceedings of the 2006 National Conference on Digital Government Research (dg.o’06). ACM Press, 440. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jon Pearce and Sofia Pardo. 2008. To search or to explore -- that is the question: A study in mindful engagement. In Proceedings of the 20th Australasian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction Designing for Habitus and Habitat (OZCHI’08). ACM Press, 251. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Christopher Peters, Ginevra Castellano, and Sara de Freitas. 2009. An exploration of user engagement in HCI. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Affective-Aware Virtual Agents and Social Robots (AFFINE’09). ACM Press, 1--3. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Henning Pohl and Roderick Murray-Smith. 2013. Focused and casual interactions: Allowing users to vary their level of engagement. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’13). ACM Press, 2223. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Charles Rich, Brett Ponsleur, Aaron Holroyd, and Candace L. Sidner. 2010. Recognizing engagement in human-robot interaction. In Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-robot Interaction. IEEE Press, 375--382. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Marco C. Rozendaal, David V. Keyson, and Huib de Ridder. 2007. Product behavior and appearance effects on experienced engagement during experiential and goal-directed tasks. In Proceedings of the 2007 Conference on Designing Pleasurable Products and Interfaces (DPPI’07). ACM Press, 181. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Marco C. Rozendaal, David V. Keyson, and Huib Ridder. 2008. Product features and task effects on experienced richness, control and engagement in voicemail browsing. Pers. Ubiq. Comput. 13, 5 (Jun. 2008), 343--354. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Marco C. Rozendaal, David V. Keyson, Huib Ridder, and Peter O. Craig. 2009. Game feature and expertise effects on experienced richness, control and engagement in game play. AI Soc. 24, 2 (Mar. 2009), 123--133. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jyotirmay Sanghvi, Ginevra Castellano, Iolanda Leite, André Pereira, Peter W. McOwan, and Ana Paiva. 2011. Automatic analysis of affective postures and body motion to detect engagement with a game companion. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Human-robot Interaction (HRI’11). ACM Press, 305. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Henrik Schoenau-Fog. 2011. Hooked! - Evaluating engagement as continuation desire in interactive narratives. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling (ICIDS’11), Vol. 7069. Springer, Berlin, 219--230. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Henrik Schoenau-Fog, Alexander Birke, and Lars Reng. 2012. Evaluation of continuation desire as an iterative game development method. In Proceeding of the 16th International Academic MindTrek Conference (MindTrek’12). ACM Press, 241. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ellen Lisette Schuurink, Joske Houtkamp, and Alexander Toet. 2008. Engagement and EMG in serious gaming: Experimenting with sound and dynamics in the levee patroller training game. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Fun and Games, Vol. 5294. Springer, Berlin, 139--149. Google ScholarDigital Library
- May-li Seah and Paul Cairns. 2008. From immersion to addiction in videogames. In Proceedings of the 22nd British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: Culture, Creativity, Interaction (BCS-HCI’08), Volume 1. British Computer Society, 55--63. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kathy Seddon, Nigel C. Skinner, and Keith C. Postlethwaite. 2008. Creating a model to examine motivation for sustained engagement in online communities. Educ. Inf. Technol. 13, 1 (Aug. 2008), 17--34. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Soonhwa Seok and Boaventura DaCosta. 2012. The world’s most intense online gaming culture: Addiction and high-engagement prevalence rates among South Korean adolescents and young adults. Comput. Hum. Behav. 28, 6 (Nov. 2012), 2143--2151. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. L. Sidner and M. Dzikovska. 2002. Human-robot interaction: Engagement between humans and robots for hosting activities. In Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces. IEEE Comput. Soc., 123--128. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Candace L. Sidner, Cory D. Kidd, Christopher Lee, and Neal Lesh. 2004. Where to look: A study of human-robot engagement. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent User Interface (IUI’04). ACM Press, 78. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Candace L. Sidner, Christopher Lee, Cory D. Kidd, Neal Lesh, and Charles Rich. 2005. Explorations in engagement for humans and robots. Artif. Intell. 166, 1-2 (Aug. 2005), 140--164. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bradley A. Singletary and Thad E. Starner. 2001. Learning visual models of social engagement. In Proceedings of the IEEE ICCV Workshop on Recognition, Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems, 2001. IEEE Computer Society, 141. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Stephen Snow, Laurie Buys, Paul Roe, and Margot Brereton. 2013. Curiosity to cupboard: Self reported disengagement with energy use feedback over time. In Proceedings of the 25th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference on Augmentation, Application, Innovation, Collaboration (OzCHI’13). ACM Press, 245--254. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Social Computing Research Group. 2005. Understanding computer mediated social experience: Implications for CSCL. In Proceedings of the 2005 Conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning: Learning 2005: The Next 10 years! International Society of the Learning Sciences, 617--621. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yang Song, Xiaolin Shi, and Xin Fu. 2013. Evaluating and predicting user engagement change with degraded search relevance. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web. International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee, 1213--1224. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Itana Stiubiener, Regina M. Silveira, Reinaldo Matushima, Graca Bressan, and Wilson V. Ruggiero. 2012. Evaluating the effectiveness of the use of teaching materials in video format in distance learning environments. In Proceedings of the 2012 Frontiers in Education Conference Proceedings. IEEE, 1--6. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jerry Chih-Yuan Sun. 2014. Influence of polling technologies on student engagement: An analysis of student motivation, academic performance, and brainwave data. Comput. Educ. 72 (Mar. 2014), 80--89.Google Scholar
- S. Shyam Sundar, Jeeyun Oh, Saraswathi Bellur, Haiyan Jia, and Hyang-Sook Kim. 2012. Interactivity as self-expression: A field experiment with customization and blogging. In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Annual Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’12). ACM Press, 395. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ben Swift, Henry Gardner, and Alistair Riddell. 2010. Engagement networks in social music-making. In Proceedings of the 22nd Conference of the Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group of Australia on Computer-Human Interaction (OZCHI’10). ACM Press, 104. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Daniel Szafir and Bilge Mutlu. 2012. Pay attention!: Designing adaptive agents that monitor and improve user engagement. In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Annual Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’12). ACM Press, 11. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jay Shiro Tashiro and David Dunlap. 2007. The impact of realism on learning engagement in educational games. In Proceedings of the 2007 Conference on Future Play (Future Play’07). ACM Press, 113. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Nick Taylor, Justin Marshall, Alicia Blum-Ross, John Mills, Jon Rogers, Paul Egglestone, David M. Frohlich, Peter Wright, and Patrick Olivier. 2012. Viewpoint: Empowering communities with situated voting devices. In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Annual Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’12). ACM Press, 1361. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Choo-Yee Ting, Wei-Nam Cheah, and Chiung Ching Ho. 2013. Student engagement modeling using bayesian networks. In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. IEEE, 2939--2944. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Holly Tootell, Melinda Plumb, Colin Hadfield, and Linda Dawson. 2013. Gestural interface technology in early childhood education: A framework for fully engaged communication. In Proceedings of the 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE, 13--20. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Phil Turner. 2010. The anatomy of engagement. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics (ECCE’10). ACM Press, 59. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jaime Urquiza-Fuentes and J. Ángel Velázquez-Iturbide. 2012. Comparing the effectiveness of different educational uses of program animations. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Annual Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITiCSE’12). ACM Press, 174. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Erik D. Van Der Spek. 2012. Towards designing for competence and engagement in serious games. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Serious Games Development and Applications (SGDA’12), Vol. 7528. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 98--109. Google ScholarDigital Library
- H. C. van Vugt, E. A. Konijn, J. F. Hoorn, I. Keur, and A. Eliëns. 2007. Realism is not all! User engagement with task-related interface characters. Interact. Comput. 19, 2 (Mar. 2007), 267--280. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Henriette C. van Vugt, Johan F. Hoorn, Elly A. Konijn, and Athina de Bie Dimitriadou. 2006. Affective affordances: Improving interface character engagement through interaction. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 64, 9 (Sept. 2006), 874--888. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Marynel Vázquez, Aaron Steinfeld, Scott E. Hudson, and Jodi Forlizzi. 2014. Spatial and other social engagement cues in a child-robot interaction: Effects of a sidekick. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-robot Interaction (HRI’14). ACM Press, 391--398. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jane Webster and Jaspreet S. Ahuja. 2006. Enhancing the design of web navigation systems: The influence of user disorientation on engagement and performance. MIS Quart. 30, 3 (Sept. 2006), 661--678. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jane Webster and Hayes Ho. 1997. Audience engagement in multimedia presentations. ACM SIGMIS Database 28, 2 (Apr. 1997), 63--77. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jennifer Whitson, Chris Eaket, Brian Greenspan, Minh Quang Tran, and Natalie King. 2008. Neo-immersion: Awareness and engagement in gameplay. In Proceedings of the 2008 Conference on Future Play Research, Play, Share (Future Play ’08). ACM Press, 220. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jon Whittle, William Simm, Maria-Angela Ferrario, Katerina Frankova, Laurence Garton, Andrée Woodcock, Baseerit Nasa, Jane Binner, and Aom Ariyatum. 2010. VoiceYourView: Collecting real-time feedback on the design of public spaces. In Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (Ubicomp’10). ACM Press, 41. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Eric N. Wiebe, Allison Lamb, Megan Hardy, and David Sharek. 2014. Measuring engagement in video game-based environments: Investigation of the user engagement scale. Comput. Hum. Behav. 32 (Mar. 2014), 123--132.Google Scholar
- Noortje Wiezer, Maartje Bakhuys Roozeboom, and Esther Oprins. 2013. Serious gaming used as management intervention to prevent work-related stress and raise work-engagement among workers. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Digital Human Modeling and Applications in Health, Safety, Ergonomics, and Risk Management: Human Body Modeling and Ergonomics (DHM’13), Vol. 8026. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 149--158. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alyssa Wise, Juyu Chang, Thomas Duffy, and Rodrigo del Valle. 2004. The effects of teacher social presence on student satisfaction, engagement, and learning. J. Educ. Comput. Res. 31, 3 (Jun. 2004), 247--271.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Lesley Xie, Alissa N. Antle, and Nima Motamedi. 2008. Are tangibles more fun?: Comparing children’s enjoyment and engagement using physical, graphical and tangible user interfaces. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction (TEI’08). ACM Press, 191. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Qianli Xu, Liyuan Li, and Gang Wang. 2013. Designing engagement-aware agents for multiparty conversations. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’13). ACM Press, 2233. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Elad Yom-Tov, Mounia Lalmas, Georges Dupret, Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Pinard Donmez, and Janette Lehmann. 2012. The effect of links on networked user engagement. In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference companion on World Wide Web (WWW’12 Companion). ACM Press, 641. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Engagement in HCI: Conception, Theory and Measurement
Recommendations
Enhancing the design process by embedding HCI research into experience triggers
Ergo'IA '14: Proceedings of the 2014 Ergonomie et Informatique Avancée Conference - Design, Ergonomie et IHM: quelle articulation pour la co-conception de l'interactionOver the last decade, User Experience (UX) has become a core concept in the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Beyond the fact of understanding and assessing the User Experience derived from the use of interactive systems, practitioners and ...
Hooked! – Evaluating Engagement as Continuation Desire in Interactive Narratives
Interactive StorytellingAbstractEngagement in interactive experiences is a complex, multi-dimensional concept that can be determined by a variety of factors which are dependent on user preferences and media content. However, one fundamental requirement of any interactive ...
The construal of experience in HCI
Self-reports are commonly applied in HCI but differ in the aspects of experience which they access.Presents a framework for understanding fundamental differences between retrospective and momentary assessments.Illustrated with examples in health and ...
Comments