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A numerical study on the hybrid nanofluid flow between a permeable rotating system

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Abstract

In this comparative research article, the hybrid nanofluid flow between rotating rectangular systems is thoroughly analyzed in the incidence of the magnetic and radiative effects. The upper-level sheet is solid and fixed, while the lower-level sheet is permeable and stretchable. Two different combinations of nanoparticles, i.e., \({\text{Cu}}/{\text{Ag}}\) and \({\text{CuO}}/{\text{TiO}}_{2}\), with water are considered for preparing a hybrid nanofluid. The arising nonlinear equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation. The important impacts of different study parameters are analyzed using the boundary value problem technique at MATLAB. The solution convergence is set to be \({10}^{-6}\). The outcomes are presented through graphs and tables. Thermophoresis decreases the temperature transfer rate, while it enhances the mass transmission rate and radiation improves the Nusselt and decreases the Sherwood number for both hybrid nanofluids. A higher-temperature transmission rate hybrid nanofluid can be obtained by an appropriate combination of base fluid and nanoparticles.

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Data Availability Statement

All data relevant to the study are included in the manuscript.

Abbreviations

\(K_{{\text{r}}}\) :

Rotation parameter

\(C_{p}\) :

Specific heat

\(M\) :

Magnetic parameter

\(D_{{\text{B}}} ,D_{{\text{T}}}\) :

Brownian motion and Thermophoresis diffusion

\(\eta\) :

Similarity variable

\(T,C\) :

Temperature and Concentration

\(\widetilde{{{\text{Cf}}}}, {\text{Cf}}\) :

Skin frictions

\(a\) :

Stretching rate

\({\text{Pr}},{\text{Ec}}\) :

Prandtl and Eckert number

\({\text{Rd}}\) :

Thermal Radiation parameter

\(q_{w} , q_{m}\) :

Heat and Mass flux

R:

Reynolds number

MHD:

Magnetohydrodynamic

\(p^{*}\) :

Modified fluid pressure

\(k\) :

Thermal conductivity

\(B_{0}\) :

Uniform Magnetic field

\({\text{Nu}}_{x} , {\text{Sh}}_{x}\) :

Nusselt and Sherwood number coefficient

\({\text{D}}_{1} , {\text{D}}_{2} ,{\text{D}}_{3} , {\text{D}}_{4}\) :

Constants

Z :

Porosity parameter

\(u,v,w\) :

Velocity components in \(x,y,z\) directions

\(f,g\) :

Dimensionless velocity

\(h\) :

Distance between plates

\(N_{{\text{b}}} ,N_{{\text{t}}}\) :

Brownian diffusion and Thermophoresis parameter

\(v_{f}\) :

Kinematic viscosity

\(\mu_{f}\) :

Dynamic viscosity

3D:

Three-dimensional

\(\alpha\) :

Temperature diffusivity

\({\Omega }\) :

Rotational velocity

\(\rho\) :

Density

\(\theta ,\phi\) :

Temperature and concentration profile

\(\tau_{w}\) :

Shear stress

\(\sigma\) :

Electrical conductivity

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  1. Department of Mathematics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan

    Mubashar Arshad & Ali Hassan

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  1. Mubashar Arshad
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Arshad, M., Hassan, A. A numerical study on the hybrid nanofluid flow between a permeable rotating system. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 137, 1126 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-03313-2

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