Abstract
Synchronization induced by long-range hydrodynamic interactions is attracting attention as a candidate mechanism behind coordinated beating of cilia and flagella. Here we consider a minimal model of hydrodynamic synchronization in the low Reynolds number limit. The model consists of rotors, each of which assumed to be a rigid bead making a fixed trajectory under periodically varying driving force. By a linear analysis, we derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for a pair of rotors to synchronize in phase. We also derive a non-linear evolution equation for their phase difference, which is reduced to minimization of an effective potential. The effective potential is calculated for a variety of trajectory shapes and geometries (either bulk or substrated), for which the stable and metastable states of the system are identified. Finite size of the trajectory induces asymmetry of the potential, which also depends sensitively on the tilt of the trajectory. Our results show that flexibility of cilia or flagella is not a requisite for their synchronized motion, in contrast to previous expectations. We discuss the possibility to directly implement the model and verify our results by optically driven colloids.
Graphical abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. Gray, Ciliary Movements (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1928).
D. Bray, Cell Movements: From Molecules to Motility, 2nd ed. (Garland, New York, 2001).
S. Nonaka, S. Yoshiba, D. Watanabe, S. Ikeuchi, T. Goto, W.F. Marshall, H. Hamada, PLoS Biol. 3, e268 (2005).
J.R. Blake, M.A. Sleigh, Biol. Rev. 49, 85 (1974).
E.W. Knight-Jones, Q. J. Microsc. Sci. 95, 503 (1954).
J.R. Blake, J. Fluid Mech. 55, 1 (1972).
S. Gueron, K. Levit-Gurevich, N. Liron, J.J. Blum, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94, 6001 (1997).
S. Gueron, K. Levit-Gurevich, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96, 12240 (1999).
R. Golestanian, J.M. Yeomans, N. Uchida, Soft Matter 7, 3074 (2011).
G.I. Taylor, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 209, 447 (1951).
M.J. Kim, J.C. Bird, A.J. Van Parys, K.S. Breuer, T.R. Powers, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 15481 (2003).
B. Qian, H. Jiang, D.A. Gagnon, K.S. Breuer, T.R. Powers, Phys. Rev. E 80, 061919 (2009).
M. Polin, I. Tuval, K. Drescher, J.P. Gollub, R.E. Goldstein, Science 325, 487 (2009).
R.E. Goldstein, M. Polin, I. Tuval, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 168103 (2009).
J. Kotar, M. Leoni, B. Bassetti, M.C. Lagomarsino, P. Cicuta, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107, 7669 (2010).
R. Di Leonardo, A. Buzas, L. Kelemen, G. Vizsnyiczai, L. Oroszi, P. Ormos, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 034104 (2012).
N. Darnton, L. Turner, K. Breuer, H.C. Berg, Biophys. J. 86, 1863 (2004).
M. Vilfan, A. Potocvnik, B. Kavcic, N. Osterman, I. Poberaj, A. Vilfan, D. Babic, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107, 1844 (2010).
A.R. Shields, B.L. Fiser, B.A. Evans, M.R. Falvo, S. Washburn, R. Superfine, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107, 15670 (2010).
N. Coq, A. Bricard, F.-D. Delapierre, L. Malaquin, O. du Roure, M. Fermigier, D. Bartolo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 014501 (2011).
M. Cosentino Lagomarsino, B. Bassetti, P. Jona, Eur. Phys. J. B 26, 81 (2002).
M. Cosentino Lagomarsino, P. Jona, B. Bassetti, Phys. Rev. E 68, 021908 (2003).
M. Kim, T.R. Powers, Phys. Rev. E 69, 061910 (2004).
M. Reichert, H. Stark, Eur. Phys. J. E 17, 493 (2005).
Y.W. Kim, R.R. Netz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 158101 (2006).
A. Vilfan, F. Jülicher, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 058102 (2006).
A. Ryskin, P. Lenz, Phys. Biol. 3, 285 (2006).
B. Guirao, J.-F. Joanny, Biophys. J. 92, 1900 (2007).
T. Niedermayer, B. Eckhardt, P. Lenz, Chaos 18, 037128 (2008).
G.J. Elfring, E. Lauga, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 088101 (2009).
N. Uchida, R. Golestanian, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 178103 (2010).
N. Uchida, R. Golestanian, EPL 89, 50011 (2010).
N. Uchida, R. Golestanian, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 058104 (2011).
N. Osterman, A. Vilfan, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108, 15727 (2011).
C.W. Oseen, Neuere Methoden und Ergebnisse in der Hydrodynamik (Akademishe Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig, 1927).
J.R. Blake, Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 70, 303 (1971).
J. Happel, H. Brenner, Low Reynolds Number Hydrodynamics (M. Nijhoff, The Hague, 1983).
By considering nonlinear effect, we show in sect. sec:4 that linear trajectories are also capable of synchronization.
Y. Kuramoto, Chemical Oscillations, Waves, and Turbulence (Springer, New York, 1984).
N. Bruot, private communication.
B.M. Friedrich, F. Julicher, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 138102 (2012).
R.R. Bennett, R. Golestanian, arXiv:1211.3272.
R.E. Goldstein, private communication.
K.T. Gahagan, G.A. Swartzlander, Opt. Lett. 21, 827 (1996).
J.E. Curtis, D.G. Grier, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 133901 (2003).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Uchida, N., Golestanian, R. Hydrodynamic synchronization between objects with cyclic rigid trajectories. Eur. Phys. J. E 35, 135 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2012-12135-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2012-12135-5