Abstract
Organic substances and metals multidirectionaly influence soil microorganisms. The results of an evaluation of the response of the soil microbial community to the simultaneous application of organic substance and metals which are a part of compost from the sewage sludge are presented. For two seasons after soil treatment, the increase in Corg to 2.1 ± 0.4% and that in Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn mobile forms to 1.1 ± 0.03, 3.8 ± 0.8, 6.0 ± 1.2, 2.1 ± 0.5, 3.2 ± 0.7, and 12.3 ± 2.7 mg/kg correspondingly resulted in the growth of microbial biomass in comparison with a control soil. The respiratory activity of the treated soils increased during the first season and decreased to the level of control plots by the end of the second season. The value of a metabolic quotient did not exceed the control level. An analysis of the principal components of the obtained data revealed that the major factor determining the variability of the microbial community is the alteration of the content of organic substance in the soil.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson, T.H. and Domsch, K.H., Application of ecophysiological quotients (qCO2 and qD) 15 on microbial biomasses from soils of deferent cropping histories, Soil Biol. Biochem., 1990, vol. 22, pp. 251–255.
Barajas-Aceves, M., Comparison of different microbial biomass and activity measurement methods in metalcontaminated soils, Bioresour. Technol., 2005, vol. 96, no. 12, pp. 1405–1414.
Bastida, F., Kandeler, E., and Moreno, J.L., Application of fresh and composted organic wastes modified structure, size, and activity of soil microbial community under semiarid climate, Appl. Soil Ecol., 2008, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 318–329.
Blagodatskaya, E. and Kuzyakov, Y., Active microorganisms in soil: critical review of estimation criteria and approaches, Soil Biol. Biochem., 2013, vol. 67, pp. 192–211.
Bourioug, M., Alaoui-Sehmer, L., Laffray, X., Benbrahim, M., Aleya, L., and Alaoui-Sossé, B., Sewage sludge fertilization in larch seedlings: effects on trace metal accumulation and growth performance, Ecol. Eng., 2015, vol. 77, pp. 216–224.
Brookes, P.C., The use of microbial parameters in monitoring soil pollution by heavy metals, Biol. Fertil. Soils, 1995, vol. 19, pp. 269–279.
Chodak, M., Go ebiewski, M., Morawska-P oskonka, J., Kuduk, K., and Niklinska, M., Diversity of microorganisms from forest soils differently polluted with heavy metals, Appl. Soil Ecol., 2013, vol. 64, pp. 7–14.
Dar, G.H., Impact of lead and sewage sludge on soil microbial biomass and carbon and nitrogen mineralization, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 1997, vol. 58, pp. 234–240.
Fernandes, S.A.P., Bettiol, W., and Cerri, C.C., Effect of sewage sludge on microbial biomass, metabolic quotient and soil enzymatic activity, Appl. Soil Ecol., 2005, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 65–77.
Giller, K.E., Witter, E., and McGrath, S.P., Toxicity of heavy metals to micro-organisms and microbial processes in agricultural soils: a review, Soil Biol. Biochem., 1998, vol. 30, pp. 1389–1414.
Giller, K.E., Witter, E., and McGrath, S.P., Heavy metals and soil microbes, Soil Biol. Biochem., 2009, vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 2031–2037.
Gomes, N.C.M., Landi, L., Smalla, K., Nannipieri, P., Brookes, P.C., and Renella, G., Effects of Cdand Zn-enriched sewage sludge on soil bacterial and fungal communities, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 2010, vol. 73, pp. 1255–1263.
GOST (State Standard) 26213-91: Method for determination of organic matter, Moscow: Izd. Standartov, 1992.
Hargreaves, J.C., Adl, M.S., and Warman, P.R., A review of the use of composted municipal solid waste in agriculture, Agric., Ecosyst. Environ., 2008, vol. 123, pp. 1–14.
ISO 14240-2: Soil quality—determination of soil microbial biomass, part 2: Fumigation-extraction method, International Organization for Standardization, 1997.
Jannoura, R., Joergensen, R.J., and Bruns, C., Organic fertilizer effects on growth, crop yield, and soil microbial biomass indices in sole and intercropped peas and oats under organic farming conditions, Eur. J. Agron., 2014, vol. 52, pp. 259–270.
Jiang, X.J., Luo, Y.M., and Liu, S.L., Changes in soil microbial biomass and Zn extractability over time following Zn addition to a paddy soil, Chemosphere, 2003, vol. 50, pp. 855–861.
Khan, M. and Scullion, J., Effect of soil on microbial responses to metal contamination, Environ. Pollut., 2000, vol. 110, pp. 115–125.
Khan, M. and Scullion, J., Effects of metal (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb or Zn) enrichment of sewage-sludge on soil microorganisms and their activities, Appl. Soil Ecol., 2002, vol. 20, pp. 145–155.
Kolesnikov, S.I., Kazeev, K.Sh., Tatlok, R.K., Tlekhas, Z.R., Denisova, T.V., and Dadenko, E.V., Biodiagnostics of resistance of brown forest soils of Western Caucasus to pollution by heavy metals, oil, and petroleum products, Sib. Ekol. Zh., 2014, no. 3, pp. 493–500.
McGtath, S., Chaudri, A.M., and Giller, K.E., Long-term effects of metals in sewage sludge on soils, microorganisms, and plants, J. Ind. Microbiol., 1995, vol. 14, pp. 94–104.
Moreno, J.L., Hernandez, T., and Garcia, C., Effects of cadmium-contaminated sewage sludge compost on dynamics of organic matter and microbial activity in an arid soil, Biol. Fertil. Soil., 1999, vol. 28, pp. 230–237.
Nair, A. and Ngouajio, M., Soil microbial biomass, functional microbial diversity, and nematode community structure as affected by cover crops and compost in an organic vegetable production system, Appl. Soil Ecol., 2012, vol. 58, pp. 45–55.
Niemeyera, J.C., Lolata, G.B., Carvalho, G.M., Da Silva, E.M., Sousa, J.P. and Nogueira, M.P., Microbial indicators of soil health as tools for ecological risk assessment of a metal contaminated site in Brazil, Appl. Soil Ecol., 2012, vol. 59, pp. 96–105.
Nwachukwu, O.I. and Pulford, I.D., Microbial respiration as an indication of metal toxicity in contaminated organic materials and soil, J. Hazard. Mater., 2011, vol. 185, pp. 1140–1147.
Oksanen, J., Blanchet, F.G., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., Minchin, P.R., O’Hara, R.B., Simpson, G.L., Solymos, P., Stevens, M.H.H. and Wagner, H., Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.2-0, 2014. http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan
Ouni, Y., Lakhdar, A., Scelza, R., Scotti, R., Abdelly, C., Barhoumi, Z., and Rao, M.A., Effects of two composts and two grasses on microbial biomass and biological activity in a salt-affected soil, Ecol. Eng., 2013, vol. 60, pp. 363–369.
R Core Team, A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria: R Foundation Stat. Comp., 2015. http://www.R-project.org
Rost, U., Joergensen, R.G., and Chander, K., Effects of Zn enriched sewage sludge on microbial activities and biomass in soil, Soil Biol. Biochem., 2011, vol. 33, pp. 633–638.
Schinner, F., Ohlinger, R., Kandeler, E., and Margesin, R., Methods in Soil Biology, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995.
Schloter, M., Dilly, O., and Munch, J.C., Indicator for evaluating soil quality, Agric., Ecosyst. Environ., 2003, vol. 98, pp. 255–262.
Selivanovskaya, S.Y., Latypova, V.Z., and Artamonova, L.A., Use of sewage sludge compost as the restoration agent on the degraded soil of, J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng., 2003, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 1549–1556.
Shi, A. and Marschner, P., Soil respiration and microbial biomass after residue addition are influenced by the extent by which water-extractable organic C was removed from the residues, Eur. J. Soil Biol., 2014, vol. 63, pp. 28–32.
Spohna, M. and Chodak, M., Microbial respiration per unit biomass increases with carbon-to-nutrient ratios in forest soils, Soil Biol. Biochem., 2015, vol. 81, pp. 128–133.
Tripathy, S., Bhattacharyya, P., Mohapatra, R., Som, A., and Chowdhur, D., Influence of different fractions of heavy metals on microbial ecophysiological indicators and enzyme activities in century old municipal solid waste amended soil, Ecol. Eng., 2014, vol. 70, pp. 25–34.
Vig, K., Megharaj, M., Sethunathan, N., and Naidu, R., Bioavailability and toxicity of cadmium to microorganisms and their activities in soil: a review, Adv. Environ. Res., 2003, vol. 8, pp. 121–135.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © P.Yu. Galitskaya, A.A. Saveliev, S.Yu. Selivanovskaya, 2015, published in Sibirskii Ekologicheskii Zhurnal, 2015, No. 6, pp. 941–951.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Galitskaya, P.Y., Saveliev, A.A. & Selivanovskaya, S.Y. Response of soil microbial community to the simultaneous influence of metals and an organic substance. Contemp. Probl. Ecol. 8, 780–788 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425515060062
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425515060062