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The destruction of quartz, amorphous silica minerals, and feldspars in model experiments and in soils: Possible mechanisms, rates, and diagnostics (the analysis of literature)

  • Mineralogy and Micromorphology of Soils
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Abstract

The dissolution of quartz and amorphous SiO2 proceeds via the adsorption of water molecules on the surface of these minerals with the further formation of four silanol groups around the silicon atom and the detachment of the molecules of orthosilicic acid from the surface. The rates of quartz dissolution at pH 7 and 3 constitute 10−15.72 and 10−16.12 mol/m2 s, respectively. They increase by three orders of magnitude upon the rise in pH from 7 to 10; they also increase in the solutions of strong electrolytes and in the presence of the anions of polybasic organic acids. The dissolution of feldspars begins from the release of alkali metals and calcium from the surface of crystal lattices of these minerals into the solution in the course of the cation exchange reaction. This is a fast process, and it does not control the rate of the feldspar dissolution that depends on the concentrations of protonated (in the acid medium) and deprotonated (in the alkaline medium) complexes with participation of the surface Si-O-Si and Al-O-Si groups of the mineral lattices. The rate of dissolution of K-Na feldspars decreases from n × 10−11 to n × 10−12 mol/m2 s upon the rise in pH from 3 to 5; it also increases in the plagioclase series with an increase in the portion of anorthite molecules and in the presence of the anions of polybasic organic acids in the solution. The rate of dissolution of feldspars in the model experiments is by 1–3 orders of magnitude higher than that obtained by different methods for native soils. This may be related to the adequacy of determination of the specific surface and its changes with time in native soils.

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Original Russian Text © T.A. Sokolova, 2013, published in Pochvovedenie, 2013, No. 1, pp. 98–112.

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Sokolova, T.A. The destruction of quartz, amorphous silica minerals, and feldspars in model experiments and in soils: Possible mechanisms, rates, and diagnostics (the analysis of literature). Eurasian Soil Sc. 46, 91–105 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229313010080

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