Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Life cycle of tetrodotoxin-producing Bacillus sp. on solid and liquid medium: Light and electron microscopy studies

  • Microbiology
  • Published:
Russian Journal of Marine Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The lifecycle of the Bacillus sp. 1839 cultivated during a long period on solid and liquid Youschimizu-Kimura medium was investigated, and then bacteria and spores were studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. Sporulation in this strain is distinguished by engulfment of forespore by mother cell. In the liquid medium, bacteria have the decondensed nucleoid and the loose granular component of cytoplasm; bacteria and spores are generally smaller; the outer coat of spores includes 2 concentric rings. On the solid substratum, the nucleoid is condensed, and the cytoplasmic region is extensive and dense; a longer cultivation stimulates transition of vegetative cells into the spore form; spores have a thicker outer coat with 3–5 rings. On the solid substratum, sporulation in Bacillus sp. 1839 is spontaneous, without additional stimulation; spores have a larger diameter and thicker layers than those in the liquid medium. This research contributes to the current understanding of biotechnological tetrodotoxin production from a bacterial raw material.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bechtel, D.B., and Bulla, L.A., Electron microscope study of sporulation and parasporal crystal formation in Bacillus thuringiensis, Microbiol. Rev., 1976, vol. 55, pp. 425–436.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Beleneva, I.A., Magarlamov, T.Yu., and Kukhlevsky, A.D., Characterization, identification, and screening for tetrodotoxin production by bacteria associated with the ribbon worm (Nemertea) Cephalotrix simula (Ivata, 1952), Microbiology (Moscow), 2014, vol. 83, no. 3, pp. 220–226.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Carroll, S., McEvoy, E.G., and Gibson, R., The production of tetrodotoxin-like substances by nemertean worms in conjunction with bacteria, Microbiology (Moscow), 2003, vol. 288, no. 1, pp. 51–63.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Errington, J., Regulation of endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 2003, vol. 1, pp. 117–126.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Gerhardt, P. and Ribi, E., Ultrastructure of the exosporium enveloping spores of Bacillus cereus, J. Bacteriol., 1964, vol. 88, no. 6, pp. 1774–1789.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Hitchins, A.D., Greene, R.A., and Slepecky, R.A., Effect of carbon source on size and associated properties of Bacillus megaterium spores, J. Bacteriol., 1972, vol. 110, no. 1, pp. 392–401.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Holt, S.C., Gauther, J.J., and Tipper, D.J.,Ultrastructural studies of sporulation in Bacillus sphaericus, J. Bacteriol., 1975, vol. 122, no. 3, pp. 1322–1338.

  8. Magarlamov, T.Yu., Beleneva, I.A., Chernyshev, A.V., and Kukhlevsky, A.D., Tetrodotoxin-producing Bacillus sp. from the ribbon worm (Nemertea) Cephalothrix simula (Iwata, 1952), Toxicon, 2014, vol. 85, pp. 46–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Murray, R.G.E., The Internal structure of the cell, in The Bacteria, Guansalus, I.C. and Stanier, R.Y., Eds., New York: Academic, 1960, no. 1, pp. 35–93.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Nieto, F.R., Cobos, E.J., Tejada, M.A., Sánchez-Fernández, C., González-Cano, R., and Cendán, C.M., Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a therapeutic agent for pain, Mar. Drugs, 2012, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 281–305.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Tocheva, E.I., Lopez-Garrido, J., Hughes, H.V., Fredlund, J., Kuru, E., Vannieuwenhze, M.S., Brun, Y.V., Pogliano, K., and Jensen, G.J., Peptidoglycan transformations during Bacillus subtilis sporulation, Mol. Microbiol., 2013, vol. 88, pp. 673–686.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Waller, L.N., Fox, N., Fox, K.F., Fox, A., and Price R.L., Ruthenium red staining for ultrastructural visualization of a glycoprotein layer surrounding the spore of Bacillus anthraci sand Bacillus subtilis, J. Microbiol. Methods, 2004, vol. 58, pp. 23–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Youschimizu, M. and Kimura, T., Study on the intestinal microflora of salmonids, Fish Pathol., 1976, vol. 10, pp. 243–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Pal’chevskogo 17, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia

    T. Yu. Magarlamov & I. A. Beleneva

  2. School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, ul. Oktyabrskaya 29, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia

    O. A. Shokur, T. Yu. Magarlamov, D. I. Melnikova & E. A. Gorobets

Authors
  1. O. A. Shokur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. Yu. Magarlamov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. D. I. Melnikova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. E. A. Gorobets
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. I. A. Beleneva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. Yu. Magarlamov.

Additional information

Original Russian Text © O.A. Shokur, T.Yu. Magarlamov, D.I. Melnikova, E.A. Gorobets, I.A. Beleneva, 2016, published in Biologiya Morya.

The text was submitted by the authors in English.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shokur, O.A., Magarlamov, T.Y., Melnikova, D.I. et al. Life cycle of tetrodotoxin-producing Bacillus sp. on solid and liquid medium: Light and electron microscopy studies. Russ J Mar Biol 42, 252–257 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063074016030081

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063074016030081

Keywords

Search

Navigation