Abstract
When plants are grown in a greenhouse or in controlled environment growth rooms, prolonging the photoperiod, including towards continuous light, is one of the ways to increase plant productivity and energy savings. However, exposing some plant species to long photoperiods causes leaf injuries and growth reductions. We studied the effect of the photoperiod (8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h) and photosynthetic photon flux density (60, 120, and 160 μmol/m2 s PAR) on cucumber plants Cucumis sativus L. in a prereproductive period. It was shown that the response of the cucumber plants to a photoperiod over 20 h, including continuous light, depending on the plant age and light intensity, may include leaf movement or paraheliotropism, non-photochemical energy dissipation, and/or reversible photoinhibition of a reaction center of photosystem II, development of reversible chlorosis, reduction of a light-harvesting complex, and increase in the content of carotenoids. Reaction of immature and virginile plants to long photoperiods was different, which high-lights the need for experimental separation of the prereproductive period in terms of age states and consideration of this when developing crop production plan.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adams, W.W., Demmig-Adams, B., Rosenstiel, T.N., et al., Photosynthesis and Photoprotection in Overwintering Plants, Plant Biol., 2002, vol. 4, pp. 545–557.
Adams, W.W., III, Zarter, C.R., Much, K.E., et al., Energy Dissipation and Photoinhibition: A Continuum of Photoprotection, in Photoprotection, Photoinhibition Gene Regulation, and Environment, Demmig-Adams, B., Adams, W.W., III, and Mattoo, A.K., Eds., Dordrecht: Springer-Verlag, 2006, pp. 49–64.
Björkman, O. and Holmgren, P., Adaptability of the Photosynthetic Apparatus to Light Intensity in Ecotypes from Exposed and Shaded Habitats, Physiol. Plant., 1963, vol. 16, pp. 889–914.
Demers, D.A., Wien, H.C., and Gosselin, A., Effects of Supplemental Light Duration on Greenhouse Sweet Pepper Plants and Fruit Yields, J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 1998, vol. 123, pp. 202–207.
Demers, D.A. and Gosselin, A., Supplemental Lighting of Greenhouse Vegetables: Limitations and Problems Related to Long Photoperiods, Acta Hort., 1999, vol. 481, pp. 469–473.
Demers, D.A. and Gosselin, A., Growing Greenhouse Tomato and Sweet Pepper under Supplemental Lighting: Optimal Photoperiod, Negative Effects of Long Photoperiod and Their Causes, Acta Hort., 2002, vol. 580, pp. 83–88.
Demmig-Adams, B. and Adams, W.W., III, Photoprotection and Other Responses of Plants to High Light Stress, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 1992, vol. 43, pp. 599–626.
Dorais, M. and Gosselin, A., Physiological Response of Greenhouse Vegetable Crops to Supplemental Lighting, Acta Hort., 2002, vol. 580, pp. 59–67.
Dymova, O.A. and Golovko, T.K., The State of the Pigment Apparatus of Ajuga reptans Plants during Adaptation to the Light Conditions of Growth, Russ. J. Plant Physiol., 2007, vol. 54, pp. 521–528.
Gomez, I., Porez-Rodriguez, E., Vinegla, B., et al., Effects of Solar Radiation on Photosynthesis, UV-Absorbing Compounds and Enzyme Activities of the Green Alga Dasycladus vermicularis from Southern Spain, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol., 1998, vol. 47, pp. 46–57.
Inada, K. and Yabumoto, Y., Effect of Light, Quality, Daylength and Periodic Temperature Variation on the Growth of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and Radish (Raphanus sativus) Plants, Jap. J. Crop Sci., 1989, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 689–694.
Lichtenthaler, H.K. and Wellburn, A.R., Determinations of Total Carotenoids and Chlorophylls a and b of Leaf Extracts in Different Solvents, Biochem. Soc. Trans., 1983, vol. 603, pp. 591–592.
Lichtenthaler, H.K., Chlorophylls and Carotenoids: Pigments of Photosynthetic Biomembranes, Methods Enzymol., 1987, vol. 148, pp. 350–382.
Lichtenthaler, H., Buschmann, C., and Knapp, M., Measurement of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Kinetics (Kautsky Effect) and the Chlorophyll Fluorescence Decrease Ratio (RFD-Values) with the PAM-Fluorometer, in Analytical Methods in Plant Stress Biology, Filek, M., Biesaga-Kościelniak, J., and Marcińska, I., Eds., Kraków, 2004, pp. 93–111.
Long, S.P., Humphries, S., and Falkowski, P.G., Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis in Nature, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 1994, vol. 45, pp. 633–662.
Lorenz, H.P., Modelluntersuchungen zur Klimareaktion von Wachstumskomponenten am Beispiel junger Salatgurkenpflanzen (Cucumis sativus L.): ein Beitrag zur Temperaturführung in Gewächshäusern, Hannover, 1980.
Lyubimenko, V.N., Izbrannye trudy (Selected Works), Vol. 2: Raboty po fotosintezu i prisposobleniyu rastenii k svetu (Work on Photosynthesis and Adaptation of Plants to Light), Kiev: Izd. AN USSR, 1963.
Markovskaya, E.F. and Khar’kina, T.G., Temporal Organization of the Formation of Leaf Surface in Cucumis sativus L., Russ. J. Dev. Biol., 1997, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 61–64.
Moe, R., Grimstad, S., and Gislerød, H.R., The Use of Artificial Light in Year Round Production of Greenhouse Crops in Norway, in ISHS Acta Hort., 2006, vol. 711: V International Symposium on Artificial Lighting in Horticulture, pp. 35–42.
Muraoka, H., Takenaka, A., Tang, Y., et al., Flexible Leaf Orientations of Arisema heterophyllum Maximize Light Capture in a Forest Understory and Excess Irradiance at Defrosted Site, Ann. Bot., 1998, vol. 82, pp. 297–307.
Öquist, G. and Huner, N.P.A., Photosynthesis of Overwintering Evergreen Plants, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 2003, vol. 54, pp. 329–355.
Osmond, B. and Forster, B., Photoinhibition: Then and Now, in Photoprotection, Photoinhibition, Gene Regulation, and Environment, Demmig-Adams, B., and Adams, W.W., III, and Mattoo, A.K., Eds., Dordrecht: Springer-Verlag, 2006, pp. 11–22.
Pastenes, C., Pimentel, P., and Lillo, J., Leaf Movements and Photoinhibition in Relation to Water Stress in Field-Grown Beans, J. Exp. Bot., 2005, vol. 56, pp. 425–433.
Pettersen, R.I., Torre, S., and Gislerød, H.R., Effects of Leaf Aging and Light Duration on Photosynthetic Characteristics in a Cucumber Canopy, Sci. Hort., 2010, vol. 125, no. 2, pp. 82–87.
Powles, S.B. and Björkman, O., Leaf Movement in the Shade Species Oxalis oregana. II. Role in Protection against Injury by Intense Light, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Yearb., 1981, vol. 80, pp. 63–66.
Rubin, A.B., The Principles of Organization and Regulation of the Primary Processes of Photosynthesis, in Timiryazevskie chteniya LV (Timiryazev Memorial Lectures LV), Pushchino: ONTI PNTs RAN, 1995.
Shmakova, N.Yu. and Markovskaya, E.F., Photosynthetic Pigments of Plants and Lichens Inhabiting Arctic Tundra of West Spitsbergen, Russ. J. Plant Physiol., 2010, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 764–769.
Sysoeva, M.I., Markovskaya, E.F., and Shibaeva, T.G., Plants under Continuous Light: A Review, Plant Stress, 2010, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 5–17.
Velez-Ramirez, A.I., van Ieperen, W., Vreugdenhil, D., et al., Plants under Continuous Light, Trends Plant Sci., 2011, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 310–318.
Warrington, I.J. and Norton, R.A., An Evaluation of Plant Growth and Development under Various Daily Quantum Integrals, J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 1991, vol. 116, pp. 544–551.
Wolff, S.A. and Langerud, A., Fruit Yield, Starch Content and Leaf Chlorosis in Cucumber Exposed to Continuous Lighting, Europ. J. Hortic. Sci., 2006, vol. 71, pp. 259–261.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © T.G. Shibaeva, E.F. Markovskaya, 2013, published in Ontogenez, 2013, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 101–109.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shibaeva, T.G., Markovskaya, E.F. Growth and development of cucumber Cucumis sativus L. in the prereproductive period under long photoperiods. Russ J Dev Biol 44, 78–85 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062360413020082
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062360413020082