Abstract
The structure and the properties of an Mg–Y–Nd–Zr alloy (WE43) are studied after high pressure torsion (HPT) in the temperature range 20–300°C. Structure refinement proceeds mainly by deformation twinning with the formation of a partial nanocrystalline structure with a grain size of 30–100 nm inside deformation twins. The WE43 alloy is shown to be aged during heating after HPT due to the decomposition of a magnesium solid solution. HPT at room temperature and subsequent aging causes maximum hardening. It is shown that HPT significantly accelerates the decomposition of a magnesium solid solution. HPT at all temperatures considerably increases the tensile strength and the yield strength upon tensile tests and significantly decreases plasticity. Subsequent aging additionally hardens the WE43 alloy. A potentiodynamic study shows that the corrosion resistance of this alloy after HPT increases. However, subsequent aging degrades the corrosion properties of the alloy.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys: ASM Specialty Handbook Ed. by M. M. Avedesian and H. Baker, (ASM International, The Mater. Information Soc., Ohaio, 1999).
Y. Chen, Z. Xu, C. Smith, and J. Sankar, “Recent advances on the development of magnesium alloys for biodegradable implants: review,” Acta Biomater. 10 (11), 4561–4573 (2014).
L. L. Rokhlin, T. V. Dobatkina, I. E. Tarytina, V. N. Timofeev, and E. E. Balakhchi, “Peculiarities of the phase relations in Mg-rich alloys of the Mg–Nd–Y system,” J. Alloys Compd. 367 (1–2), 17–19 (2004).
J. F. Nie, “Precipitation and hardening in magnesium alloys,” Met. Mater. Trans. Sec. A 43 (11), 3891–3939 (2012).
T. Mohri, M. Mabuchi, N. Saito, and M. Nakamura, “Microstructure and mechanical properties of a Mg–4Y–3RE alloy processed by thermo-mechanical treatment,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A 257 (2), 287–294 (1998).
W. Pachla, A. Mazur, J. Skiba, M. Kulczyk, and S. Przybysz, “Wrought magnesium alloys ZM21, ZW3 and WE43 processed by hydrostatic extrusion with back pressure,” Arch. Met. Mater. 57 (2), 482–493 (2012).
S. K. Panigrahi, W. Yuan, R. S. Mishra, R. DeLorme, B. Davis, R. A. Howell, and K. Cho, “A study on the combined effect of forging and aging in Mg–Y–RE alloy,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A 530, 28–35 (2011).
X. Huang, K. Suzuki, and Y. Chino, “Static recrystallization and mechanical properties of Mg–4Y–3RE magnesium alloy sheet processed by differential speed rolling at 823 K,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A 538, 281–287 (2012).
R. Z. Valiev, R. K. Islamgaliev, and I. V. Alexandrov, “Bulk nanostructured materials from severe plastic deformation,” Prog. Mater. Sci. 45 (2), 103–189 (2000).
S. R. Agnew, P. Mehrotra, T. M. Lillo, G. M. Stoica, and P. K. Liaw, “Texture evolution of five wrought magnesium alloys during route a equal channel angular extrusion: experiments and simulations,” Acta Mater. 53, 3135–3146 (2005).
K. V. Kutniy, I. I. Papirov, M. A. Tikhonovsky, A. I. Pikalov, S. V. Sivtzov, L. A. Pirozhenko, V. S. Shokurov, and V. A. Shkuropatenko, “Influence of grain size on mechanical and corrosion properties of magnesium alloy for medical implants,” Materwiss Werksttech 40 (4), 242–246 (2009).
Z. Kang, L. Zhou, and J. Zhang, “Achieving high strain rate superplasticity in Mg–Y–Nd–Zr alloy processed by homogenization treatment and equal-channel angular pressing,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A 633, 59–62 (2015).
G. Cao, D. Zhang, W. Zhang, and C. Qiu, “Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Mg–Nd–Y alloy in different friction stir processing conditions,” J. Alloys Compd. 636, 12–19 (2015).
G. Cao, D. Zhang, F. Chai, W. Zhang, and C. Qiu, “Superplastic behavior and microstructure evolution of a fine-grained Mg–Y–Nd alloy processed by submerged friction stir processing,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A 642, 157–166 (2015).
N. Kumar, D. Choudhuri, R. Banerjee, and R. S. Mishra, “Strength and ductility optimization of Mg–Y–Nd–Zr alloy by microstructural design,” Int. J. Plast. 68, 77–97 (2015).
A. P. Zhilyaev and T. G. Langdon, “Using high-pressure torsion for metal processing: fundamentals and applications,” Prog. Mater. Sci. 53, 893–979 (2008).
K. Edalati, A. Yamamoto, Z. Horita, and T. Ishihara, “High-pressure torsion of pure magnesium: evolution of mechanical properties, microstructures and hydrogen storage capacity with equivalent strain,” Scr. Mater. 64 (9), 880–883 (2011).
X. G. Qiao, Y. W. Zhao, W. M. Gan, Y. Chen, M. Y. Zheng, K. Wu, N. Gao, and M. J. Starink, “Hardening mechanism of commercially pure Mg processed by high pressure torsion at room temperature,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A 619, 95–106 (2014).
R. Z. Valiev, N. A. Krasilnikov, and N. K. Tsenev, “Plastic deformation of alloys with submicron-grained structure,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A 137, 35–40 (1991).
P. Serre, R. B. Figueiredo, N. Gao, and T. G. Langdon, “Influence of strain rate on the characteristics of a magnesium alloy processed by high-pressure torsion,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A 528 (10–11), 3601–3608 (2011).
Y. Harai, M. Kai, K. Kaneko, Z. Horita, and T. G. Langdon, “Microstructural and mechanical characteristics of AZ61 magnesium alloy processed by high-pressure torsion,” Mater. Trans. 49, 76–83 (2008).
A. S. J. Al-Zubaydi, A. P. Zhilyaev, S. C. Wang, and P. A. S. Reed, “Superplastic behaviour of AZ91 magnesium alloy processed by high-pressure torsion,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A 637, 1–11 (2015).
S. A. Torbati-Sarraf and T. G. Langdon, “Mechanical properties of ZK60 magnesium alloy processed by highpressure torsion,” Adv. Mater. Res. 922, 767–772 (2014).
S. A. Torbati-Sarraf and T. G. Langdon “Properties of a ZK60 magnesium alloy processed by high-pressure torsion,” J. Alloys Compd. 613, 357–363 (2014).
H.-J. Lee, S. K. Lee, K. H. Jung, G. A. Lee, B. Ahn, M. Kawasaki, and T.G. Langdon, “Evolution in hardness and texture of a ZK60A magnesium alloy processed by high-pressure torsion,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A 630, 90–98 (2015).
M. Kai, Z. Horita, T.G. Langdon, “Developing grain refinement and superplasticity in a magnesium alloy processed by high-pressure torsion,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A 488 (1–2), 117–124 (2008).
J. Cižek, I. Procházka, B. Smola, I. Stuliková, R. Kužel, Z. Matej, V. Cherkaska, R. K. Islamgaliev, and O. Kulyasova, “Microstructure and thermal stability of ultrafine grained Mg-based alloys prepared by high-pressure torsion,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A 462 (1–2), 121–126 (2007).
H. Matsunoshita, K. Edalati, M. Furui, and Z. Horita, “Ultrafine-grained magnesium-lithium alloy processed by high-pressure torsion: low-temperature superplasticity and potential for hydroforming,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A 640, 443–448 (2015).
B. Srinivasarao, A. P. Zhilyaev, I. Gutiérrez-Urrutia, M. T. Pérez-Prado “Stabilization of metastable phases in Mg–Li alloys by high-pressure torsion,” Scr. Mater. 68 (8), 583–586 (2013).
F. Meng, J. M. Rosalie, A. Singh, H. Somekawa, and K. Tsuchiya, “Ultrafine grain formation in Mg–Zn alloy by in situ precipitation during high-pressure torsion,” Scr. Mater. 78–79, 57–60 (2014).
F. Meng, J. M. Rosalie, A. Singh, and K. Tsuchiya, “Precipitation behavior of an ultra-fine grained Mg–Zn alloy processed by high-pressure torsion,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A 644, 386–391 (2015).
R. Lapovok, X. Gao, J. F. Nie, Y. Estrin, and S. N. Mathaudhu, “Enhancement of properties in cast Mg–Y–Zn rod processed by severe plastic deformation,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A 615, 198–207 (2014).
J. H. Gao, S. K. Guan, Z. W. Ren, Y. F. Sun, S. J. Zhu, and B. Wang, “Homogeneous corrosion of high pressure torsion treated Mg–Zn–Ca alloy in simulated body fluid,” Mater. Lett. 65 (4), 691–693 (2011).
J. H. Li and P. Schumacher “Tailoring precipitates in Mg–6Zn–2Gd based alloy subjected to high pressure torsion,” in Magnesium Technology, Ed. by N. Hort, S. N. Mathaudhu, N. R. Neelameggham and M. Alderman, (Miner. Metals. Mater. Soc., Warrendale, 2013), pp. 351–356.
E. A. Lukyanova, N. S. Martynenko, I. E. Shakhova, A. N. Belyakov, L. L. Rokhlin, S. V. Dobatkin, and Yu. Z. Estrin, “Strengthening of an age-hardenable WE43 magnesium alloy processed by high pressure torsion,” Mater. Lett. 170, 5–9 (2016).
D. X. Liu, X. Pang, D. L. Li, C. G. Guo, J. Wongsa-Ngam, T. G. Langdon, and M. A. Meyers, “Microstructural evolution and properties of a hot extruded and HPT-processed resorbable magnesium WE43 alloy,” Adv. Eng. Mater. 19 (3), 1600698 (1–8) (2016).
S. F. Kurtasov, “Method for the quantitative analysis of rolling textures of materials with a cubic crystal lattice,” Zavod. Lab. 73 (7), 29–35 (2007).
V. N. Serebryany, G. S. D’yakonov, V. I. Kopylov, G. A. Salishchev, and S. V. Dobatkin, “Texture and structure contribution to low-temperature plasticity enhancement of Mg–Al–Zn–Mn alloy MA2-1pch after ECAP and annealing,” Phys. Met. Metallogr. 114 (5), 448–456 (2013).
N. P. Zhuk, Theory on Corrosion and Protection of Metals (Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1976).
H. Okamoto, “Mg–Nd,” J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 28 (4), 405 (2007).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © E.A. Lukyanova, N.S. Martynenko, V.N. Serebryany, A.N. Belyakov, L.L. Rokhlin, S.V. Dobatkin, Yu.Z. Estrin, 2017, published in Metally, 2017, No. 6, pp. 11–22.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lukyanova, E.A., Martynenko, N.S., Serebryany, V.N. et al. Structure and Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of a Magnesium Mg–Y–Nd–Zr Alloy after High Pressure Torsion. Russ. Metall. 2017, 912–921 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036029517110088
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036029517110088