Abstract
Several conodont localities of the upper Sandbian Stage are known in siliceous deposits of Central Kazakhstan. All of them produced similar assemblages overwhelmingly dominated by Periodon grandis with insignificant admixture of Scabbardella altipes, Hamarodus europaeus, Pygodus anserinus, Protopanderodus sp., and Drepanodus sp. The main feature of this fauna is in the co-occurrence of H. europaeus and P. grandis, forms characteristic for deep-water facies at shelf or microcontinents margins of temperate and warm-water paleobiogeographic provinces. The Ordovician paleo-oceanic basin of Kazakhstan and southern Urals were parts of the uniform biogeographic area as indicated by similarity of Ordovician conodont assemblages in siliceous deposits of these regions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Ed. by F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith (University Press, Cambridge, 2004).
S. Agematsu, K. Sashida, S. Salyapongse, and A. Sardsud, “Ordovician Conodonts from the Satun Area, Southern Peninsular Thailand,” J. Paleontol. 81(1), 19–37 (2007).
A. I. Antoshkina, N. Ya. Antsygin, T. M. Beznosova, et al., Reference Sections of the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian of the Subpolar Urals (Komi Fil. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Syktyvkar, 1987) [in Russian].
H. A. Armstrong, “Conodonts from the Ordovician Shinnel Formation, Tweeddale Member (Middle Ordovician), Southern Uplands, Scotland,” Palaeontology 40, 763–797 (1997).
S. M. Bergström, “Relations between Conodont Provincialism and the Changing Palaeogeography during the Early Palaeozoic,” Mem. Geol. Soc. London, 12, 105–121 (1990).
S. M. Bergström and W. C. Sweet, “Conodonts from the Lexington Limestone (Middle Ordovician) of Kentucky and Its Equivalents in Ohio and Indiana,” Bull. Am. Paleontol. 50(229), 271–441 (1966).
V. M. Besstrashnov, N. A. Gerasimova, and L. A. Kurkovskaya, “Stratigraphy of the Ordovician Aktau-Mointy Uplift,” in Stratigraphy of the Paleozoic of Kazakhstan (Kaz. Inst. Mineral. Syr’ya, Alma-Ata, 1989), pp. 68–77 [in Russian].
L. R. M. Cocks and T. H. Torsvik, Earth Geography from 500 to 400 Million Years Ago: A Faunal and Palaeomagnetic Review,” J. Geol. Soc. London 159, 631–644 (2002).
A. Q. Collins, K. E. Degtyarev, N. M. Levashova, et al., “Early Paleozoic Paleomagnetism of East Kazakhstan: Implications for Paleolatitudinal Drift of Tectonic Elements within the Ural Mongol Belt,” Tectonophysics 377,(3–4), 229–247 (2003).
K. E. Degtyarev, Tectonic Evolution of the Early Paleozoic Active Margin in Kazakhstan (Nauka, Moscow, 1999) [in Russian].
S. V. Dubinina, Conodonts and Zonal Stratigraphy of the Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary Beds: Proceedings of the Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Issue 517 (Nauka, Moscow, 2000) [in Russian].
S. V. Dubinina and A. V. Ryazantsev, “Conodont Stratigraphy and Correlation of the Ordovician Volcanogenic and Volcanogenic Sedimentary Sequences in the South Urals,” Russ. J. Earth Sci. 10,(ES5001), 1–31 (2008).
S. V. Dubinina, A. R. Orlova, and L. A. Kurkovskaya, “Co-Occurrences of Conodonts and Graptolites in the Cherty Terrigenous Sequences of the Lower Ordovician of Northern Betpak-Dala (Kazakhstan),” Byull. Mosk. Ob-va Ispyt. Prir., Otd. Geol. 71(5) (1996).
N. K. Dvoichenko and G. A. Abaimova, “Conodonts and Biostratigraphy of the Cherty Volcanogenic Sequences of the Lower Paleozoic of Central Kazakhstan,” in Microfauna and Biostratigraphy of the Phanerozoic of Siberia and Adjacent Regions: Proceedings of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Issue 651 (Novosibirsk, 1986), pp. 160–178 [in Russian].
J. Dzik, “Conodonts of the Mójcza Limestone: Ordovician Carbonate Platform Ecosystem of the Holy Cross Mountains,” Palaeontol. Pol., No. 53, 43–128 (1994).
A. Ferretti and C. R. Barnes, “Upper Ordovician Conodonts from the Kalkbank Limestone of Thuringia, Germany,” Palaeontology 40(1), 15–42 (1997).
A. Ferretti and E. Serpagli, “Late Ordovician Conodont Faunas from Southern Sardinia, Italy: Biostratigraphic and Paleogeographic Implications,” Boll. Soc. Paleontol. Italiana 37(2–3), 215–236 (1999).
R. A. Fortey and L. R. M. Cocks, “Palaeontological Evidence Bearing on Global Ordovician-Silurian Continental Reconstructions,” Earth Sci. Rev. 61, 245–307 (2003).
T. J. Fowler and K. Iwata, “Darriwilian-Gisbornian Conodonts from the Triangle Group, Triangle Creek Area, New South Wales,” Austral. J. Earth. Sci 42, 119–122 (1995).
T. Furey-Greig, “Late Ordovician and Silurian Conodonts from the ‘Uralba Beds’ East of Manilla, New South Wales,” Alcheringa 23(1), 83–99 (1999).
N. A. Gerasimova, M. Z. Novikova, L. A. Kurkovskaya, and A. S. Yakubchuk, “New Data on the Stratigraphy of the Lower Paleozoic Tekturmas Ophiolitic Belt,” Byull. Mosk. Ob-va Ispyt. Prir., Otd. Geol. 67(3), 60–76 (1992).
D. Goldman, S. A. Leslie, J. Nõlvak, and S. Young, “The Black Knob Ridge Section, Southeastern Oklahoma, USA: The Global Stratotype-Section and Point (GSSP) for the Base of the Katian Stage of the Upper Ordovician Series: The Global Ordovician and Silurian, Proceedings,” Acta Palaeontol. Sin. 46, 144–154 (2007).
N. M. Gridina and T. V. Mashkova, “Conodonts in the Cherty Terrigenous Sequences of the Atasu Anticlinorium,” Izv. Akad. Nauk Kaz SSR, Ser. Geol., No. 6, 47–48 (1977).
G. Hamar, Preliminary Report on Conodonts from the Oslo-Asker and Ringerike Districts,” Norsk Geol. Tidsskrift 46, 27–83 (1966).
A. G. Harris, S. M. Bergström, R. L. Ethington, and R. J. Ross, Jr., “Aspects of Middle and Upper Ordovician Conodont Biostratigraphy of Carbonate Facies in Nevada and Southeast California and Comparison with Appalachian Successions, Brigham Young Univ. Geol. Studies 26(3), 7–43 (1979).
G. Henningsmoen, “The Tretaspis Series of the Killatorp Core,” Bull. Geol. Inst. Univ. Uppsala 32, 374–432 (1948).
A. V. Kanygin, T. A. Moskalenko, A. G. Yadrenkina, et al., Ordovician of the Siberian Platform: The Reference Section on the Kulyumbe River, Ed. by B. S. Sokolov (Nauka, Moscow, 1982) [in Russian].
D. J. Kennedy, C. R. Barnes, and T. T. Uyeno, “A Middle Ordovician Conodont Faunule from the Tetagouche Group, Camel Back Mountain, New Brunswick,” Can. J. Earth Sci. 16, 540–551 (1979).
G. Klapper, M. Lindström, and W. C. Sweet, Catalogue of Conodonts. Volume IV (Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1981).
V. G. Korinevskii and T. A. Moskalenko, “Ashgillian Conodonts in the Southern Ural Mountains,” in Fauna and Stratigraphy of the Paleozoic of Central Siberia and the Ural Mountains: Proceedings of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Issue 718 (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1988), pp. 113–126 [in Russian].
V. G. Korinevskii, M. K. Apollonov, and T. A. Moskalenko, “Find Upper Ordovician Deposits on Southern Urals,” Dok. Akad. Nauk SSSR 291(5), 1196–1199 (1986).
L. A. Kurkovskaya, “Conodont Assemblages from the Cherty and Cherty Volcanogenic Sequences of the Ordovician of Central Kazakhstan,” in Geology of the Early Geosynclinal Complexes of Kazakhstan (Mosk. Gos. Univ., Moscow, 1985), pp. 164–177 [in Russian].
S. A. Leslie, “Mohawkian (Upper Ordovician) Conodonts of Eastern North America and Baltoscandia,” J. Paleontol. 74(6), 1122–1147 (2000).
S. A. Leslie, D. Goldman, J. E. Repetski, and J. Maletz, “Sea-Level Control on the Concentration of Ordovician Conodonts from Deep-Water Siliciclastic Settings,” in Pander International Conodont Symposium. Leicester. Abstract Volume (2006), p. 53.
M. Lindström, Conodonts (Elsevier Publ. Company, 1964).
A. D. McCracken and G. S. Nowlan, “Conodont Paleontology and Biostratigraphy of Ordovician Carbonates and Petroliferous Carbonates on Southampton, Baffin, and Akpatok Islands in the Eastern Canadian Arctic,” Can. J. Earth Sci. 26, 1880–1903 (1989).
A. D. McCracken, “Middle and Late Ordovician Conodonts from the Foxe Lowland of Southern Baffin Island, Nunavut,” in Geology and Paleontology of the Southeast Arctic Platform and Southern Baffin Island, Ed. by A. D. McCracken and T. E. Bolton, Geol. Surv. Canada Bull. 557, 159–216 (2000).
S. V. Mel’nikov, Conodonts of the Ordovician and Silurian of the Timan-Northern Urals Region (Izd. Kartfabriki VSEGEI, St. Petersburg, 1999) [in Russian].
V. A. Nasedkina, “On Ordovician Conodonts of the Western Slope of the Ural Mountains,” in New Miospores, Foraminifers, Ostracodes, and Conodonts of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic of the Urals: Proceedings of the Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of the Uralian Division of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Issue 119 (1975), pp. 110–135 [in Russian].
I. F. Nikitin, Ordovician of Kazakhstan: Part 1. Stratigraphy (Nauka, Alma-Ata, 1972) [in Russian].
I. F. Nikitin, “On the Ordovician Cherty Volcanogenic Sequences of the Northeastern Lake Balkhash Area,” Kaz. Geol., No. 1, 1–9 (2001).
I. F. Nikitin, “Ordovician Cherty and Cherty Basaltic Complexes of Kazakhstan,” Geol. Geofiz. 43(6), 512–527 (2002).
I. F. Nikitin, A. M. Zhilkaidarov, Yu. P. Nenashev, et al., “Ordovician Cherty Volcanogenic Complex of the Zhaman-Sarysu Anticlinorium (Central Kazakhstan),” Kaz. Geol., No. 3, 19–30 (1999).
G. S. Nowlan, “Biostratigraphic, Paleogeographic, and Tectonic Implications of Late Ordovician Conodonts from the Grog Brook Group, Northwestern New Brunswick,” Can. J. Earth Sci. 20, 651–671 (1983).
O. M. Obut, M. M. Buslov, K. Iwata, and F. I. Zhimulev, “Timing of the Collision between the Kokchetav Massif and the Stepnyak Island Arc Based on Conodonts and Radiolarians from Siliceous Rocks of Superimposed Terranes of Different Geodynamic Settings,” Geol. Geofiz. 47(4) 455–462 (2006).
M. J. Orchard, “Upper Ordovician Conodonts from England and Wales,” Geologica et Palaeontologica 14, 9–44 (1980).
Ordovician-Silurian Boundary in Kazakhstan (Nauka, Alma-Ata, 1980) [in Russian].
G. L. Ortega, A. L. Albanesi, and G. L. Peralta, High Resolution Conodont-Graptolite Biostratigraphy in the Middle-Upper Ordovician of the Sierra de La Invernada Formation (Central Precordillera, Argentina),” Geol. Acta 6(2), 161–180 (2008).
J. A. Rasmussen, Conodont Biostratigraphy and Taxonomy of the Ordovician Shelf Margin Deposits in the Scandinavian Caledonides: (Fossils and Strata, No. 48) (Blackwell Publ., Oxford, 2001).
Resolutions of III Kazakhstan Stratigraphical Conference on the Precambrian and Phanerozoic: Part 1. Precambrian and Paleozoic (Alma-Ata, 1991) [in Russian].
A. V. Ryazantsev, “Structural Zoning of the Lower Paleozoic Complexes in the Boshchekul Island-Arc System in Northeast-Central Kazakhstan,” in Studies of Regional Tectonics, Vol. 2: Kazakhstan, Tien Shan, Polar Urals (Nauka, Moscow, 2005), pp. 5–39 [in Russian].
T. J. M. Serpagli, “I conodonti del’Ordoviciano Superiore (Ashgilliano) delle Alpi Carniche,” Boll. Soc. Paleontol. Italiana 6, 30–111 (1967).
S. Stouge, Conodonts of the Middle Ordovician Table Head Formation, Western Newfoundland: (Fossils and Strata, No. 16) (Blackwell Publ., Oxford, 1984).
S. Stouge and G. Bagnoli, “Early Ordovician Conodonts from Cow Head Peninsula, Western Newfoundland,” Palaeontogr. Italica 75, 89–179 (1988).
W. C. Sweet, “Conodonts and Biostratigraphy of Upper Ordovician Strata Along a Shelf to Basin Transect in Central Nevada,” J. Paleontol. 74(6), 1148–1160 (2000).
W. C. Sweet and S. M. Bergström, “Conodont Provinces and Biofacies of the Late Ordovician,” Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 196, 69–87 (1984).
V. P. Tarabukin, Biostratigraphy and Conodonts of the Ordovician Deposits of Northeastern Asia (Yakutsk. Nauchn. Tsentr Sib. Otdel. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Yakutsk, 2006).
T. Tolmacheva and M. Purnell, “Apparatus Composition, Growth, and Survivorship of the Lower Ordovician Conodont Paracordylodus gracilis Lindström, 1955,” Palaeontology 45(2), 209–228 (2002).
T. Ju. Tolmacheva and D. Roberts, “New Data on Upper Ordovician Conodonts from the Trondheim Region, Central Norwegian Caledonides,” Norges Geol. Undersøkelse Bull., No. 447, 5–15 (2007).
T. Tolmacheva, L. Popov, I. Gogin, and L. Holmer, “Conodont Biostratigraphy and Faunal Assemblages in Radiolarian Ribbon-Banded Cherts of the Burubaital Formation, West Balkhash Region, Kazakhstan,” Geol. Mag. 141(6), 699–715 (2004).
J. Trotter and B. D. Webby, “Late Ordovician Conodonts from Malongulli Formation, Cliefden Caves Area, Central New South Wales,” AGSO J. 15, 474–494 (1995).
Z. H. Wang and T. R. Zhou, “Ordovician Conodonts from Western and Northeastern Tarim and Their Significance,” Acta Palaeontol. Sin. 37(2), 173–193 (1998).
Sh. Zhang and C. R. Barnes, “Late Ordovician to Early Silurian Conodont Faunas from the Kolyma Terrane, Omulev Mountains, Northeast Russia, and Their Paleobiogeographic Affinity,” J. Paleontol. 81(3), 490–512 (2007).
J. H. Zhang and M. J. Chen, “Evolutionary Trends and Stratigraphic Significance of Periodon,” Acta Micropalaeontol. Sin. 9(4), 391–396 (1992).
Y. Y. Zhen and B. D. Webby, “Upper Ordovician Conodonts from the Cliefden Caves Limestone Group, Central New South Wales, Australia,” Cour. Forschungsinst. Senckenb. 182, 265–305 (1995).
Y. Yi. Zhen and I. G. Percival, “Ordovician Conodont Biogeography-Reconsidered,” Lethaia 36(4) 357–369 (2003).
Y. Y. Zhen, B. D. Webby, and C. R. Barnes, “Upper Ordovician Conodonts from the Bowan Park Group, New South Wales, Australia,” Geobios 32, 73–104 (1999).
Y. Y. Zhen, I. G. Percival, and J. R. Farrell, “Late Ordovician Allochthonous Limestones in Late Silurian Barnby Hills Shale, Central Western New South Wales,” Proc. Linnean Soc. New South Wales 124, 29–51 (2003).
Y. Y. Zhen, I. G. Percival, and B. D. Webby, “Conodont Faunas from the Mid to Late Ordovician Boundary Interval of the Wahringa Limestone Member (Fairbridge Volcanics), Central New South Wales,” Proc. Linnean Soc. New South Wales 125, 141–164 (2004).
A. Zhylkaidarov, “Conodonts from Ordovician Ophiolites of Central Kazakhstan,” Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 43(1), 53–68 (1998).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tolmacheva, T.Y., Degtyarev, K.E., Ryazantsev, A.V. et al. Conodonts from the upper Ordovician siliceous rocks of Central Kazakhstan. Paleontol. J. 43, 1498–1512 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030109110136
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030109110136