Abstract
The structures of cell wall anionic carbohydrate-containing polymers in Streptomyces melanosporofaciens VKM Ac-1864T and phylogenetically close organisms—S. hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus VKM Ac-831T, S. violaceusniger VKM Ac-583T, S. endus VKM Ac-1331T, S. endus VKM Ac-129, and S. rutgersensis subsp. castelarensis VKM Ac-832T—have been comparatively studied by chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. The natural polymer of a new, previously unknown structure, Kdn (3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulopyranosonic acid) with β-galactose residues at C-9, has been found in the cell walls of all the strains under study. The cell walls of all the studied organisms contain three teichoic acids (TA): a predominant TA (1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) with N-acetylated α-glucosaminyl substitutes by C-2 of glycerol, and minor TAs, 1,3-and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) polymers without substitution. Their chains have O-acetyl and O-lysyl groups. Microorganisms of the above-mentioned species differ in the number of α-glucosaminyl substitutes and in the degree of their acetylation in the predominant teichoic acid.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Naumova, I.B. and Shashkov, A.S., Anionic Polymers in Cell Walls of Gram-Positive Bacteria, Biokhimiya, 1997, vol. 62, no. 8, pp. 947–982 [Biochemistry (Moscow) (Engl. Transl.), vol. 62, no. 8, pp. 809–840].
Neuhaus, F.C. and Baddiley, J., A Continuum of Anionic Charge: Strutures and Functions of D-Alanyl-Teichoic Acids in Gram-Positive Bacteria, Microb. Mol. Biol. Rev., 2003, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 686–723.
Schaffer, C. and Messener, P., The Structure of Secondary Cell Wall Polymers: How Gram-Positive Bacteria Stick Their Cell Walls Together, Microbiology (UK), 2005, vol. 151, pp. 643–651.
Naumova, I.B., Shashkov, A.S., Tul’skaya, E.M., Streshinskaya, G.M., Kozlova, Yu.I., Potekhina, N.V., Evtushenko, L.I., and Stackebrandt, E., Cell Wall Teichoic Acids: Structural Diversity, Species Specificity in the Genus Nocardiopsis, and Chemotaxonomic Perspective, FEMS Microb. Rev, 2001, vol. 25, pp. 269–283.
Tul’skaya, E.M., Shashkov, A.S., Evtushenko, L.I., Bueva, O.A., and Naumova, I.B., Structural Identity of Teichoic Acids of Streptomyces hygroscopicus Actinomycetes, Biokhimiya, 1997, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 338–343.
Williams, S.T., Goodfellow, M., Alderson, G., Wellington, F.M.H., Sneath, P.H.A., and Sackin, M.J., Numerical Classification of Streptomyces and Related Genera, J. Gen. Microbiol., 1983, vol. 129, pp. 1743–1813.
Labeda, D.P. and Lyons, A.J., The Streptomyces violaceusniger Claster Is Heterogeneous in DNA Relatedness Among Strains: Emendation of the Descriptions of S. violaceusniger and Streptomyces hygroscopicus, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1991, vol. 41, pp. 398–401.
Tul’skaya, E.M., Vylegzhanina, K.S., Streshinskaya, G.M., Shashkov, A.S., and Naumova, I.B., 1,3-Poly (Glycerol Phosphate) Chains in the Cell Wall of Streptomyces rutgersensis var. castelarense VKM Ac-238, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1991, vol. 1074, pp. 237–242.
GenBank, The US National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBT), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Naumova, I.B., Kuznetsov, V.D., Kudrina, K.S., and Bezzubenkova, A.P., The Occurence of Teichoic Acids in Streptomyces, Arch. Microbiol., 1980, vol. 126, pp. 71–75.
Kelemen, M.V. and Baddiley, J., Structure of the Intracellular Glycerol Teichoic Acid from Lactobacillus casei ATCC 7469, Biochem. J., 1961, vol. 80, pp. 246–254.
Patt, S.I. and Shoolery, I.N., Attached Proton Test for Carbon 13 NMR, J. Magnet. Reson, 1982, vol. 46, pp. 535–539.
Jansson, P.E., Kenne, L., and Widmalm, G., Computer-Assisted Structural Analysis of Polysaccharides with An Extended Version of CASPER Using 1H-and 13C-n.m.r. Data, Carbohydr. Res., 1989, vol. 188, pp. 169–191.
Altona, C. and Hassnoot, C.A.G., Prediction of Anti Gaushe Vicinal Proton-Proton Coupling Constants in Carbohydrates: a Simple Additivity Rule for Piranose Rings, Organ Magn Reson, 1980, vol. 13, pp. 417–429.
Shashkov, A.S., Tul’skaya, E.M., Evtushenko, L.I., Denisenko, V.A., Ivanyuk, V.G., Stomakhin, A.A., Naumova, I.B., and Stackebrandt, E., Cell Wall Anionic Polymers of Streptomyces Sp. MB-8, the Causative Agent of Potato Scab, Carbohydr. Res., 2002, vol. 337, pp. 2255–2261.
Shashkov, A.S., Streshinskaya, G.M., Kosmachevskaya, L.N., Evtushenko, L.I., and Naumova, I.B., A Polymer of 8-O-Glucosilated 2-Keto-3-Deoxy-D-Glycero-D-Galacto-Nonulosonic Acid (Kdn) in the Cell Wall of Streptomyces sp. VKM Ac-2090, Mendeleev Commun., 2000, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 167–168.
Reuhs, B.L., Kim, J.S., and Matthysse, A.G., Attachment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens To Carrot Cells and Arabidopsis Wound Sites Is Correlated with the Presence of a Cell-Associated, Acidic Polysaccharide, J. Bacteriol., 1997, vol. 179, pp. 5372–5379.
Young, J.M., Saddler, G.S., Takikawa, Y., De Boer, S.H., Vauterin, L., Gardan, L., Gvozdyak, R.I., and Stead, D.E., Names of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, International Society for Plant Pathol., 1995 (http://www.isppweb.org/names_bacterial.asp).
Young, J.M., Bull, C.T., De Boer, S.H., Firrao, G., Gardan, L., Saddler, G.E., Stead, D.E.., and Takikawa, Y., International Society for Plant Pathology. Names of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Published Since, 2004, http://www.isppweb.org/names_bacterial_new2004.asp.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © E.M. Tulskaya, A.S. Shashkov, O.V. Buyeva, L.I. Evtushenko, 2007, published in Mikrobiologiya, 2007, Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 48–54.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tulskaya, E.M., Shashkov, A.S., Buyeva, O.V. et al. Anionic carbohydrate-containing cell wall polymers of Streptomyces melanosporofaciens and related species. Microbiology 76, 39–44 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261707010067
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261707010067