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Noncoding RNAs and chromatin structure

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Abstract

A number of examples of noncoding RNA-connected chromatin modifications in eukaryotes has been recently revealed. Four cases are under detailed consideration in the present review, namely Xist RNA-dependent X-chromosome inactivation in mammals, roX RNA-dependent hyperactivation of X-chromosome in the fruit fly (in both cases the goal is dosage compensation, equalization of transcription level from two X chromosomes in females and one in males), and two examples of RNAi-connected down-regulation of transcription—siRNA-dependent heterochromatin formation in fission yeast and RdDM (RNA-dependent DNA methylation) in plants (FWA gene regulation in Arabidopsis). Although overall quite different, each phenomenon demonstrates some common features of RNA-driven chromatin modification process, including the role of RNA in aiming of chromatin-modifying protein complexes to their targets and subsequent formation of self-maintaining specific chromatin conformation (DNA methylation, changes in histone code, and binding of self-assembling protein complexes).

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Abbreviations

DCC:

dosage compensation complex

DDM1:

decrease in DNA methylation 1

DMT:

DNA methyltransferase

HAT:

histone acetyltransferase

HDAC:

histone deacetylase

HMG:

high mobility group

HMT:

histone methyltransferase

HP1:

heterochromatic protein 1

MBD:

methylcytosine binding domain

PC:

Polycomb

PcG:

Polycomb group

RdDM:

RNA-dependent DNA methylation

RDRC:

RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex

RISC:

RNA-induced silencing complex

RITS:

RNA-induced transcriptional silencing

RNAi:

RNA interference

siRNA:

short interfering RNA

Xic:

X-chromosome inactivation center

Xist:

X-inactive specific transcript

Xite:

X-inactivation intergenic transcription element.

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  1. Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, pl. Kurchatova 2, 123182, Moscow, Russia

    S. A. Lavrov & M. V. Kibanov

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Original Russian Text © S. A. Lavrov, M. V. Kibanov, 2007, published in Uspekhi Biologicheskoi Khimii, 2007, Vol. 47, pp. 53–88.

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Lavrov, S.A., Kibanov, M.V. Noncoding RNAs and chromatin structure. Biochemistry Moscow 72, 1422–1438 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297907130020

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