Abstract
Data on a caldera discovered in 2006 are reported. The caldera formed in southern Kamchatka during Eopleistocene time (1.2 to 1.5 Ma). The caldera boundaries have been reconstructed and its dimensions determined (approximately 15 × 25 km). An uplifted block has been identified in the northwestern part of the caldera, the block is considered to be the result of emplacement of viscous rhyolite magmas at a later time (approximately 0.5–0.8 Ma), that is, as a resurgent uplift. We have reconstructed the boundaries of a large lacustrine basin that formed in the caldera after the appearance of the resurgent uplift. Calculations are provided yielding the volume of the pyroclastics ejected during caldera generation. It is shown that the caldera-forming eruption was a major one in Kamchatka in regard to its volume of ejected material, and ranks as a major eruption worldwide. We examined the structural controls of present-day hydrothermal systems and mineral occurrences situated in the area of study to demonstrate their relations to the caldera and the resurgent uplift.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aver’ev, V.V., The Hydrothermal Process in Volcanic Areas and Its Relation to Magmatic Activity, in Sovremennyi vulkanizm: Tr. II Vsesoyuz. vulkanol. soveshch., 3–17 sent. 1964 g. (Present-day Volcanism: Proc. II All-Union Vulkanol. Conf., September 3–17, 1964), Moscow: Nauka, 1966, vol. 1, pp. 118–126.
Aprelkov, S.E., Tectonics and History of the Volcanism of Southern Kamchatka, Geotektonika, 1971, no. 2, pp. 105–111.
Aprelkov, S.E., Ivanov, B.V., and Popruzhenko, S.V., Tectonics and Geodynamic Evolution of Southeastern Kamchatka: The Petropavlovsk Geodynamic Site, Tikhookeanskaya Geologiya, 1999, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 16–28.
Aprelkov, S.E. and Sheimovich, V.S., Pliocene Extrusions in Southeastern Kamchatka, in Vulkanizm Kamchatki i nekotorykh drugikh raionov SSSR (Volcanism of Kamchatka and Some Other Areas of the USSR), Moscow: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1963, pp. 132–141.
Bindeman, I., The Secret Life of Supervolcanoes, V Mire Nauki, 2006, no. 10, pp. 70–75.
Bondarenko, V.N., Gosudarstvennaya geologicheskaya karta SSSR masshtaba 1:200000. Seriya Zapadno-Kamchatskaya. List N-57-XXVI (A State Geological Map of the USSR, Scale 1:200000. Western Kamchatka Series. Sheet N-57-XXVI), Moscow: Nedra, 1966.
Gosudarstvennaya geologicheskaya karta Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Masshtab 1:200000. Seriya Yuzhno-Kamchatskaya. Listy N-57-XXI (Severnye Koryaki), N-57-XXVII (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii), N-57-XXXIII (sopka Mutnovskaya). Ob”yasnitel’naya zapiska (The State Geological Map of the Russian Federation. Scale 1:200000. Series South Kamchatka. Sheets N-57-XXI (northern Koryaki), N-57-XXVII (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii), N-57-XXXIII (Mount Mutnovskii). Explanatory Note), Moscow: VSEGEI, 2000.
Zubin, M.I., Geophysical Fields and Deep Structure Inferred from Geophysical Data, in Dolgozhivushchii tsentr endogennoi aktivnosti Yuzhnoi Kamchatki (A Long-Lived Center of Endogenous Activity in Southern Kamchatka), Moscow: Nauka, 1980, pp. 10–19.
Kraevoi, Yu.A., Okhapkin, V.G., and Serezhnikov, A.I., Results from Hydrogeological and Geothermal Studies in the Bol’she-Bannaya and Karymchina Hydrothermal Systems, in Gidrotermal’nye sistemy i termal’nye polya Kamchatki (Hydrothermal Systems and Thermal Fields of Kamchatka), Vladivostok: DVNTs AN SSSR, 1976, pp. 179–211.
A Short Explanatory Note, in Karta poleznykh iskopaemykh Kamchatskoi oblasti masshtaba 1:500000 (A Map of Mineral Deposits for Kamchatka Oblast’, Scale 1:500000), Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, 1999.
Leonov, V.L., Quaternary Calderas of Kamchatka: A Review, Classification, and Structural Settings, Vulkanol. Seismol., 2003, no. 2, pp. 13–26.
Lonshakov, E.A., Rows of Volcanotectonic Features and Structural-Material Parageneses in Southern Kamchatka, Byul. Vulkanol. St., 1979, no. 57, pp. 79–91.
Melekestsev, I.V., Vulkanizm i rel’efoobrazovanie (Volcanism and Relief Generation), Moscow: Nauka, 1980.
Petrenko, I.D., Zoloto-serebryanaya formatsiya Kamchatki (The Gold-Silver Formation of Kamchatka), Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, Izd-vo Sankt-Peterburgskoi kartograficheskoi fabriki VSEGEI, 1999.
Petrenko, I.D. and Bol’shakov, N.M., The Structural Controls and Age of Gold-Silver Mineralization in Southern Kamchatka: The Mutnovskii Deposit, Tikhookeanskaya Geologiya, 1991, no. 5, pp. 100–111.
Serezhnikov, A.I. and Zimin, V.M., The Geological Structure of the Paratunka Geothermal Area, the Influence of Individual Geological Factors on Recent Hydrothermal Activity, in Gidrotermal’nye sistemy i termal’nye polya Kamchatka (Hydrothermal Systems and Thermal Fields of Kamchatka), Vladivostok: DVNTs AN SSSR, 1976, pp. 115–142.
Favorskaya, M.A., Volchanskaya, I.K., Frikh-Khar, D.I., et al., Magmatizm Yugo-Vostochnoi Kamchatki i ego svyaz’ s protsessami tektonicheskoi aktivizatsii (The Magmatism of Southeastern Kamchatka and Its Relation to the Processes of Tectonic Activation), Moscow: Nauka, 1965.
Sheimovich, V.S., Ignimbrity Kamchatki (Kamchatka Ignimbrites), Moscow: Nedra, 1979.
Sheimovich, V.S. and Golovin, D.I., The Age of Acid Volcanites in the Bol’she-Bannaya Springs Area, Vulkanol. Seismol., 2003, no. 1, pp. 21–25.
Sheimovich, V.S. and Karpenko, M.I., The K-Ar Age of Volcanism in Southern Kamchatka, Vulkanol. Seismol., 1996, no. 2, pp. 86–90.
Sheimovich, V.S. and Patoka, M.G., Geologicheskoe stroenie zon aktivnogo kainozoiskogo vulkanizma (The Geological Structure of Zones of Active Cenozoic Volcanism), Moscow: Nedra, 1989.
Sheimovich, V.S. and Khatskin, S.V., The Rhyodacite Magmatic Formation of Southeastern Kamchatka, Vulkanol. Seismol., 1996, no. 5, pp. 99–105.
Bindeman, I.N., The Secrets of Supervolcanoes, Scientific American, 2006, no. 6, pp. 70–75.
Chesner, C.A. and Rose, W.I., Stratigraphy of the Toba Tuffs and the Evolution of the Toba Caldera Complex, Sumatra, Indonesia, Bull. Volcanol., 1991, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 343–356.
Christiansen, R.L., The Quaternary and Pliocene Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field of Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana, U.S. Geological Survey Prof. Paper 729-G, 2001.
Lipman, P.W., The Roots of Ash Flow Calderas in Western North America: Windows into the Tops of Granitic Batholiths, J. Geophys. Res., 1984, vol. 89, pp. 8801–8841.
Lipman, P.W., Calderas, in Encyclopedia of Volcanoes, Academic Press, 2000, pp. 643–662.
Mason, B.G., Pyle, D.M., and Oppenheimer, C., The Size and Frequency of the Largest Explosive Eruptions on Earth, Bull. Volcanol., 2004, vol. 66, pp. 735–748.
Pyle, D.R., Sizes of Volcanic Eruptions, in Encyclopedia of Volcanoes, Academic Press, 2000, pp. 263–269.
Rampino, M.R., Supereruptions as a Threat to Civilizations on Earth-Like Planets, Icarus, 2002, vol. 156, pp. 562–569.
Sparks, S., Self, S., Grattan, J., et al., Super-eruptions: Global Effects and Future Threats. Report of a Geological Society of London Working Group, 2005.
Sparks, R.S.J. and Walker, G.P.L., The Significance of Vitric-Enriched Air-Fall Ashes Associated with Crystal-Enriched Ignimbrites, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 1977, vol. 2, pp. 329–341.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Original Russian Text © V.L. Leonov, A.N. Rogozin, 2007, published in Vulkanologiya i Seismologiya, 2007, No. 5, pp. 14–28.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Leonov, V.L., Rogozin, A.N. Karymshina, a giant supervolcano caldera in Kamchatka: Boundaries, structure, volume of pyroclastics. J. Volcanolog. Seismol. 1, 296–309 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0742046307050028
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0742046307050028