Original paper
Longitudinal variation and response to anthropogenic stress in diatom assemblages of the Lower Mississippi River, USA
Bellinger, Brent J.; Angradi, Ted R.; Bolgrien, David W.; Jicha, Terri M.; Hill, Brian H.; Reavie, Euan D.
River Systems Volume 21 Issue 1 (2013), p. 29 - 54
published: Nov 1, 2013
Abstract
We evaluated diatom assemblages as indicators of anthropogenic stress from fifty-four sites, distributed across 1,350 river kms of the Lower Mississippi River (LMR), as part of the National Rivers and Streams Assessment. We used multivariate analyses, as well as European- and regionally-derived stressor models, to examine variation in assemblages relative to land-cover (e.g., agriculture) and water quality (e.g., ions, nutrients) stressors. Longitudinal changes in both periphytic and planktonic diatom assemblage structures, as species composition and assemblage diversity, were significantly different for sites with greater watershed alterations, notably agriculture and development, and total ion (metals and anions) concentrations. The scale of land-cover delineation (e.g., sub- or entire watershed) was important in relation to diatom assemblage structure as land-cover classes were unrelated to assemblage structure at too fine or coarse a scale. European indices, from the OMNIDIA program, of trophic class and ecological condition classified the LMR as eutrophic and polluted, but indices were not well correlated with land-cover or water quality variables. A diatom-based stressor response model developed for the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) basin corroborated the LMR as being highly eutrophic and influenced by agriculture and development. However, condition scores were constrained relative to the UMR suggesting few reaches of low anthropogenic impact exist on the LMR. Our study showed that diatom assemblages are effective indicators of physicochemical stress in a great river.
Keywords
land-cover • periphyton • phytoplankton • stressor model • water chemistry