Comparison of control and quality of bone cutting by using optical topographical imaging guided mechanical drill and 1070 nm laser with in-line coherent imaging

Marjan Razani; Yasaman Soudagar; Karen Yu; Christopher M. Galbraith; Paul J. L. Webster; Cole Van Vlack; Cuiru Sun; Adrian Mariampillai; Michael K. K. Leung; Beau Standish; Tim-Rasmus Kiehl; James M. Fraser; Victor X. D. Yang

doi:10.1117/12.2019797

8 March 2013 Comparison of control and quality of bone cutting by using optical topographical imaging guided mechanical drill and 1070 nm laser with in-line coherent imaging

Marjan Razani, Yasaman Soudagar, Karen Yu, Christopher M. Galbraith, Paul J. L. Webster, Cole Van Vlack, Cuiru Sun, Adrian Mariampillai, Michael K. K. Leung, Beau Standish, Tim-Rasmus Kiehl, James M. Fraser, Victor X. D. Yang

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 8565, Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics IX; 85656N (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2019797
Event: SPIE BiOS, 2013, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

Precision depth control of bone resection is necessary for safe surgical procedures in the spine. In this paper, we compare the control and quality of cutting bovine tail bone, as an ex vivo model of laminectomy and bony resection simulating spinal surgery, planned with micro-CT data and executed using two approaches: (a) mechanical milling guided by optical topographical imaging (OTI) and (b) optical milling using closed-loop inline coherent imaging (ICI) to monitor and control the incision depth of a high-power 1070 nm fiber laser in situ. OTI provides the in situ topology of the 2-dimensional surface of the bone orientation in the mechanical mill which is registered with the treatment plan derived from the micro-CT data. The coregistration allows the plan to be programmed into the mill which is then used as a benchmark of current surgical techniques. For laser cutting, 3D optical land marking with coaxial camera vision and the ICI system is used to coregister the treatment plan. The unstable, carbonization-mediated ablation behaviour of 1070 nm light and the unknown initial geometry of bone leads to unpredictable ablation which substantially limits the depth accuracy of open-loop cutting. However, even with such a non-ideal cutting laser, we demonstrate that ICI provides in situ high-speed feedback that automatically and accurately limits the laser’s cut depth to effectively create an all-optical analogue to the mechanical mill.

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Marjan Razani, Yasaman Soudagar, Karen Yu, Christopher M. Galbraith, Paul J. L. Webster, Cole Van Vlack, Cuiru Sun, Adrian Mariampillai, Michael K. K. Leung, Beau Standish, Tim-Rasmus Kiehl, James M. Fraser, and Victor X. D. Yang "Comparison of control and quality of bone cutting by using optical topographical imaging guided mechanical drill and 1070 nm laser with in-line coherent imaging", Proc. SPIE 8565, Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics IX, 85656N (8 March 2013); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2019797

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