High-speed first- and second-order frequency modulated halftoning

Sasan Gooran; Björn Kruse

doi:10.1117/1.JEI.24.2.023016

19 March 2015 High-speed first- and second-order frequency modulated halftoning

Sasan Gooran, Björn Kruse

Author Affiliations +

Journal of Electronic Imaging, Vol. 24, Issue 2, 023016 (March 2015). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JEI.24.2.023016

Abstract

Halftoning is a crucial part of image reproduction in print. First-order frequency modulated (FM) halftones, in which the single dots are stochastically distributed, are widely used in printing technologies, such as inkjet, that are able to stably print isolated dispersed dots. Printers, such as laser printers, that utilize electrophotographic technology are not able to stably print the isolated dots and, therefore, use clustered-dot halftones. Periodic clustered-dot, i.e., amplitude modulated halftones are commonly used in this type of printer, but they suffer from an undesired periodic interference pattern called moiré. An alternative solution is to use second-order FM halftones in which the clustered dots are stochastically distributed. The iterative halftoning techniques that usually result in well-formed halftones operate on the whole input image and require extensive computations and thus, are very slow when the input image is large. We introduce a method to generate image-independent threshold matrices for first- and second-order FM halftoning. The first-order threshold matrix generates well-formed halftone patterns and the second-order FM threshold matrix can be adjusted to produce clustered dots of different sizes, shapes, and alignment. Using predetermined and image-independent threshold matrices makes the proposed halftoning method a point-by-point process and thereby very fast.

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Sasan Gooran and Björn Kruse "High-speed first- and second-order frequency modulated halftoning," Journal of Electronic Imaging 24(2), 023016 (19 March 2015). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JEI.24.2.023016

Published: 19 March 2015

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