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Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria play a key role in the global nitro­gen cycle and in nitro­genous wastewater treatment. The anammox bacteria ultrastructure is unique and distinctly different from that of other prokaryotic cells. The morphological structure of an organism is related to its function; however, research on the ultrastructure of intact anammox bacteria is lacking. In this study, in situ three-dimensional nondestructive ultrastructure imaging of a whole anammox cell was performed using synchrotron soft X-ray tomography (SXT) and the total variation-based simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (TV-SART). Statistical and quantitative analyses of the intact anammox bacteria were performed. High soft X-ray absorption composition inside anammoxosome was detected and verified to be relevant to iron-binding protein. On this basis, the shape adaptation of the anammox bacteria response to iron was explored.

Supporting information

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Portable Document Format (PDF) file https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577520002349/rv5125sup1.pdf
Figures S1 to S7, Table S1

mp4

Moving Picture Experts Group (MP4) video file https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577520002349/rv5125sup2.mp4
Movie S1: 3D reconstruction of anammox bacteria with the FBP algorithm

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Moving Picture Experts Group (MP4) video file https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577520002349/rv5125sup3.mp4
Movie S2: Tomogram of the intact anammox bacteria reconstructed with the FBP algorithm

mp4

Moving Picture Experts Group (MP4) video file https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577520002349/rv5125sup4.mp4
Movie S3: 3D reconstruction of anammox bacteria with the TV-SART algorithm

mp4

Moving Picture Experts Group (MP4) video file https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577520002349/rv5125sup5.mp4
Movie S4: Tomogram of anammox bacteria reconstructed with the TV-SART algorithm

mp4

Moving Picture Experts Group (MP4) video file https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577520002349/rv5125sup6.mp4
Movie S5: Segmentation of the anammox bacteria based on LAC values


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