Figure 1

Gelation of F-actin networks under shear. (a) Time-dependent elasticity of ATP-F-actin networks undergoing gelation while subjected to continuous oscillatory shear of strain amplitude between 1% and 25%. (b) Steady state elasticity of ATP-F-actin networks as a function of the amplitude of the shear applied during gelation. (c) Time-dependent elasticity of ADP-F-actin networks subjected to shear deformations of amplitudes between 1% and 25%. (d) Elasticity of ADP-F-actin as a function of applied shear during gelation. The symbols in (a) and (c) correspond to deformation amplitudes of 1% (closed squares), 2% (open squares), 3% (closed circles), 4% (open circles), 5% (closed diamond), 10% (open diamond), 15% (closed triangles), and 25% (open triangles), respectively. Units conversion: $10\mathrm{dyn}/{\mathrm{cm}}^2=1\mathrm{Pa}$.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 2

Phase angle of F-actin networks formed under shear. Phase angle, $\theta ={tan}^{-1}(G^{\prime \prime }/G^{\prime })$, where $G^{\prime }$ and $G^{\prime \prime }$ are the elastic and viscous moduli, of actin filament networks formed under continuous oscillatory shear of amplitude between 1 and 25%. Dark bars correspond to ATP-F-actin, light bars to ADP-F-actin.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 3

Frequency-dependent moduli of F-actin networks formed under shear. Frequency-dependent elasticity of (a) ATP-F-actin networks and (b) ADP-F-actin networks subjected to 1–25% deformations during gelation. Symbols in (a) and (b) correspond to deformation amplitudes of 1% (closed squares), 2% (open squares), 3% (closed circles), 4% (open circles), 5% (closed diamond), 10% (open diamond), 15% (closed triangles), and 25% (open triangles), respectively.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 4

Effect of shear on F-actin network resilience. Yield strain of ATP-F-actin and ADP-F-actin networks as a function of the shear deformation amplitude applied during gelation. The resilience (or yield strain) of the networks is defined as the value of the step strain amplitude for which the shear modulus declines by more than 10%. Inset: Typical shear modulus profiles of ATP-F-actin and ADP-F-actin networks as a function of step deformation amplitude. These two types of filaments were formed under continuous oscillatory shear of amplitude of 10%. Closed triangles correspond to ATP-F-actin, open triangles to ADP-F-actin.Reuse & Permissions