Abstract
The complex transmission coefficient for millimeter and submillimeter waves incident on a thin film (82 nm) has been measured over a frequency range of 200–1200 GHz at temperatures above and below using coherent time-domain spectroscopy. We observe a dramatic change in both the magnitude and phase of the terahertz transmission in the superconducting state caused by a rapid carrier condensation. Both the real () and imaginary () parts of the complex conductivity are determined directly from the amplitude and phase of the transmitted electric field without the need for a Kramers-Krönig analysis. By fitting in the framework of BCS theory, a superconducting gap 2Δ(0)=6.9 meV=3.8 is obtained. Below , the is rapidly enhanced for ω/2π<500 GHz, which is attributed to the BCS coherence effects. However, the conductivity exhibits monotonic temperature dependence and no clear (T) peak is observed throughout the frequency range measured. The high-frequency penetration depth (∼600 nm) is also extracted and discussed. Our results are consistent with a picture of BCS moderate coupling superconductivity in an intermediate to dirty limit.
- Received 29 December 1994
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.52.3607
©1995 American Physical Society