Figure 1

An $x$-polarized laser beam from a 10 mW He-Ne laser travels vertically down along the axis of a test tube containing the liquid specimen. In this transverse scattering geometry, the angular distribution of scattered light is measured in the $xy$ plane, the plane transverse to the incident beam, as a function of azimuthal angle $\varphi$. The beam is dumped into a cavity to eliminate retroreflection and spurious light.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 2

Angular scattering of polarized light in 99.9% pure ${\mathrm{CCl}}_4$, an isotropic liquid scatterer. “Transverse” (axial) refers to scattered power measured with a horizontal (vertical) polarizer in front of the detector. The symbols represent measurements and the solid curves represent fits of the function $A+B{sin}^2\varphi$ to the data. The minimum of the transverse curve is found to coincide with the direction of polarization of the laser beam. As expected, the lateral scattering is small in pure transparent liquids. The nondipole contribution is 12.5% of the ED contribution. This is the percentage ratio, $R$, of peak-to-valley differences of axial and transverse signals. Fluctuations in the ${\mathrm{CCl}}_4$ data are because of formation of tiny bubbles in the path of the laser beam; we recorded the lowest reading each time. Scattering from distilled water was found to be very similar to the ${\mathrm{CCl}}_4$ data and in the same range.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 3

Azimuthal angular distribution of scattered light from liquid benzene. Here $R=10.5\%$. As compared to ${\mathrm{CCl}}_4$, the offset for the axial curve for benzene is higher because of the molecular anisotropy contribution via the induced ED moment ${\alpha }_{zx}{E}_x$.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 4

Azimuthal angular distribution of light scattered from a 0.05% aqueous suspension of $46\pm 7\mathrm{nm}$ diameter polystyrene spheres. The actual axial data (shown at the bottom) is multiplied by 10 to clearly show the angular variation and curve fitting. $R=2.5\%$.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 5

Azimuthal angular distribution of light scattered from a 0.01% aqueous suspension of $194\pm 8\mathrm{\text{−}}\mathrm{nm}$ diameter polystyrene spheres. The scattering concentration was decreased by a factor of 5 as compared to 46-nm diameter polysterene suspension to preserve the clarity of the suspension from increased background scattering from higher multipoles for larger particles. $R=7\%$, about $\frac{(194/46{)}^2}{5}$ times bigger compared to 46-nm polystyrene spheres.Reuse & Permissions