Temperature-Dependent Decay of Quasi-Two-Dimensional Vortices across the BCS-BEC Crossover

Xiang-Pei Liu, Xing-Can Yao, Xiaopeng Li, Yu-Xuan Wang, Chun-Jiong Huang, Youjin Deng, Yu-Ao Chen, and Jian-Wei Pan

Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 163602 – Published 13 October 2022

Abstract

We systematically study the decay of quasi-two-dimensional vortices in an oblate strongly interacting Fermi gas over a wide interaction range and observe that, as the system temperature is lowered, the vortex lifetime increases in the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) regime but decreases at unitarity and in the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) regime. The observations can be qualitatively captured by a phenomenological model simply involving diffusion and two-body collisional loss, in which the vortex lifetime is mostly determined by the slower process of the two. In particular, the counterintuitive vortex decay in the BCS regime can be interpreted by considering the competition between the temperature dependence of the vortex annihilation rate and that of unpaired fermions. Our results suggest a competing mechanism for the complex vortex decay dynamics in the BCS-BEC crossover for the fermionic superfluids.

Received 9 November 2021
Revised 15 August 2022
Accepted 19 September 2022

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.163602

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

BEC-BCS crossover Fermi gases Quantum simulation Vortex dynamics Vortex interactions

Quantum Information, Science & TechnologyAtomic, Molecular & Optical

Authors & Affiliations

Xiang-Pei Liu^1,2,3,*, Xing-Can Yao ^1,2,3,*, Xiaopeng Li^4,5,*, Yu-Xuan Wang^1,2,3, Chun-Jiong Huang⁶, Youjin Deng^1,2,3,7, Yu-Ao Chen ^1,2,3, and Jian-Wei Pan^1,2,3

¹Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
²Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
³Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
⁴State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute of Nanoelectronics and Quantum Computing, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
⁵Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, AI Tower, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200232, China
⁶Department of Physics and HKU-UCAS Joint Institute for Theoretical and Computational Physics at Hong Kong, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
⁷MinJiang Collaborative Center for Theoretical Physics, College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China

^*These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Issue

Vol. 129, Iss. 16 — 14 October 2022

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