We study symmetry-broken phases in twisted bilayer graphene at small filling above charge neutrality and at van Hove filling. We argue that the Landau functionals for the particle-hole order parameters at these fillings both have an approximate SU(4) symmetry, but differ in the sign of quartic terms. We determine the order parameter manifold of the ground state and analyze its excitations. For small fillings, we find a strong first-order transition to an $\mathrm{SU}(3)\otimes \mathrm{U}(1)$ manifold of orders that break spin-valley symmetry and induce a 3-1 splitting of fermionic excitations. For van Hove filling, we find a weak first-order transition to an $\text{SU}(2)\otimes \text{SU}(2)\otimes \mathrm{U}(1)$ manifold of orders that preserves the twofold band degeneracy. We discuss the effect of particle-hole orders on superconductivity and compare with strong-coupling approaches.

• Received 11 August 2021
• Accepted 10 May 2022

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.227601