We perform the global analysis of polarized semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS), pion-induced polarized Drell-Yan (DY) process, and $W^{\pm }/Z$ boson production data and extract the Sivers function for $u$, $d$, $s$ and for sea quarks. We use the framework of transverse momentum dependent factorization at next-to-next-to-next-to leading order (${\mathrm{N}}^3\mathrm{LO}$) accuracy. The Qiu-Sterman function is determined in a model independent way from the extracted Sivers function. We also evaluate the significance of the predicted sign change of the Sivers function in DY process with respect to SIDIS.

• Received 21 December 2020
• Revised 4 February 2021
• Accepted 9 February 2021

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.112002

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Published by the American Physical Society