We calculate analytically the average number of fixed points in the Hopfield model of associative memory when a random antisymmetric part is added to the otherwise symmetric synaptic matrix. Addition of the antisymmetric part causes an exponential decrease in the total number of fixed points. If the relative strength of the antisymmetric component is small, then its presence does not cause any substantial degradation of the quality of retrieval when the memory loading level is low. We also present results of numerical simulations which provide qualitative (as well as quantitative for some aspects) confirmation of the predictions of the analytic study. Our numerical results suggest that the analytic calculation of the average number of fixed points yields the correct value for the typical number of fixed points.

• Received 3 October 1994

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.52.5261