Resolving unoccupied electronic states with laser ARPES in bismuth-based cuprate superconductors

Tristan L. Miller, Minna Ärrälä, Christopher L. Smallwood, Wentao Zhang, Hasnain Hafiz, Bernardo Barbiellini, Koshi Kurashima, Tadashi Adachi, Yoji Koike, Hiroshi Eisaki, Matti Lindroos, Arun Bansil, Dung-Hai Lee, and Alessandra Lanzara

Phys. Rev. B 91, 085109 – Published 13 February 2015

Abstract

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is typically used to study only the occupied electronic band structure of a material. Here we use laser-based ARPES to observe a feature in bismuth-based superconductors that, in contrast, is related to the unoccupied states. Specifically, we observe a dispersive suppression of intensity cutting across the valence band, which, when compared with relativistic one-step calculations, can be traced to two final-state gaps in the bands 6 eV above the Fermi level. This finding opens up possibilities to bring the ultrahigh momentum resolution of existing laser-ARPES instruments to the unoccupied electron states. For cases where the final-state gap is not the object of study, we find that its effects can be made to vanish under certain experimental conditions.

Received 23 December 2014
Revised 27 January 2015

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.91.085109

Authors & Affiliations

Tristan L. Miller^1,2, Minna Ärrälä³, Christopher L. Smallwood^1,2, Wentao Zhang^1,2, Hasnain Hafiz⁴, Bernardo Barbiellini⁴, Koshi Kurashima⁵, Tadashi Adachi⁶, Yoji Koike⁵, Hiroshi Eisaki⁷, Matti Lindroos³, Arun Bansil⁴, Dung-Hai Lee², and Alessandra Lanzara^1,2,*

¹Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
²Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
³Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Post Office Box 692, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland
⁴Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
⁵Department of Applied Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
⁶Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
⁷Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan

^*alanzara@lbl.gov

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Vol. 91, Iss. 8 — 15 February 2015

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