We use a recently proposed quantum electrodynamical density theory functional in a real-time excitation calculation for a two-dimensional electron gas in a square array of quantum dots in an external constant perpendicular magnetic field to model the influence of cavity photons on the excitation spectra of the system. The excitation is generated by a short electrical pulse. The quantum dot array is defined in an AlGaAs-GaAs heterostructure, which is in turn embedded in a parallel plate far-infrared photon microcavity. The required exchange and correlation energy functionals describing the electron-electron and electron-photon interactions have therefore been adapted for a two-dimensional electron gas in a homogeneous external magnetic field. We predict that the energies of the excitation modes activated by the pulse are generally redshifted to lower values in the presence of a cavity. The redshift can be understood in terms of the polarization of the electron charge by the cavity photons and depends on the magnetic flux, the number of electrons in a unit cell of the lattice, and the electron-photon interaction strength. We find an interesting interplay of the exchange forces in a spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas and the square-lattice structure leading to a small but clear blueshift of the excitation mode spectra when one electron resides in each dot.

• Received 22 May 2023
• Accepted 5 September 2023

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.108.115306