Interpreting a nested Mach-Zehnder interferometer with classical optics

Pablo L. Saldanha
Phys. Rev. A 89, 033825 – Published 13 March 2014

Abstract

In an recent work with the title “Asking Photons Where They Have Been,” Danan et al. experimentally demonstrate an intriguing behavior of photons in an interferometer [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 240402 (2013)]. In their words: “The photons tell us that they have been in the parts of the interferometer through which they could not pass.” They interpret the results using the two-state vector formalism of quantum theory and say that, although an explanation of the experimental results in terms of classical electromagnetic waves in the interferometer is possible (and they provide a partial description), it is not so intuitive. Here we present a more detailed classical description of their experimental results, showing that it is actually intuitive. The same description is valid for the quantum wave function of the photons propagating in the interferometer. In particular, we show that it is essential that the wave propagates through all parts of the interferometer to describe the experimental results. We hope that our work helps to give a deeper understanding of these interesting experimental results.

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  • Received 28 December 2013

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.89.033825

©2014 American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

Pablo L. Saldanha*

  • Departamento de Física,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 701, 30161-970, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

  • *saldanha@fisica.ufmg.br

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Vol. 89, Iss. 3 — March 2014

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