We present a global measurement of the integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect obtained by cross correlating all relevant large-scale galaxy data sets with the cosmic microwave background radiation map provided by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe. With these measurements, the overall ISW signal is detected at the $\sim 4.5\sigma$ level. We also examine the cosmological implications of these measurements, particularly the dark energy equation of state $w$, its sound speed $c_s$, and the overall curvature of the Universe. The flat $\Lambda \mathrm{CDM}$ model is a good fit to the data and, assuming this model, we find that the ISW data constrain ${\Omega }_m={0.20}_{-0.11}^{+0.19}$ at the 95% confidence level. When we combine our ISW results with the latest baryon oscillation and supernovae measurements, we find that the result is still consistent with a flat $\Lambda \mathrm{CDM}$ model with $w=-1$ out to redshifts $z>1$.

• Received 5 February 2008

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.77.123520