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Volume 5, Issue 11

The relationship between the number of COVID-19 vaccines and infection with Omicron ACE2 inhibition at 18-months post initial vaccination in an adult cohort of Canadian paramedics Open Access

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has rapidly evolved since late 2019, due to highly transmissible Omicron variants. While most Canadian paramedics have received COVID-19 vaccination, the optimal ongoing vaccination strategy is unclear. We investigated neutralizing antibody (NtAb) response against wild-type (WT) Wuhan Hu-1 and Omicron BA.4/5 lineages based on the number of doses and past SARS-CoV-2 infection, at 18 months post-initial vaccination (with a Wuhan Hu-1 platform mRNA vaccine [BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273]). Demographic information, previous COVID-19 vaccination, infection history, and blood samples were collected from paramedics 18 months post-initial mRNA COVID-19 vaccine dose. Outcome measures were ACE2 percent inhibition against Omicron BA.4/5 and WT antigens. We compared outcomes based on number of vaccine doses (two vs. three) and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection status, using the Mann-Whitney U test. Of 657 participants, the median age was 40 years (IQR 33–50) and 251 (42 %) were females. Overall, median percent inhibition to BA.4/5 and WT was 71.61 % (IQR 39.44–92.82) and 98.60 % (IQR 83.07–99.73), respectively. Those with a past SARS-CoV-2 infection had a higher median percent inhibition to BA.4/5 and WT, when compared to uninfected individuals overall and when stratified by two or three vaccine doses. When comparing two vs. three WT vaccine doses among SARS-CoV-2 negative participants, we did not detect a difference in BA.4/5 percent inhibition, but there was a difference in WT percent inhibition. Among those with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection(s), when comparing two vs. three WT vaccine doses, there was no observed difference between groups. These findings demonstrate that additional Whttps://www.covid19immunitytaskforce.ca/citf-databank/#accessing https://www.covid19immunitytaskforce.ca/citf-databank/#accessinguhan Hu-1 platform mRNA vaccines did not improve NtAb response to BA.4/5, but prior SARS-CoV-2 infection enhances NtAb response.

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  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): COVID-19 , omicron , SARS-CoV-2 , spike and vaccination
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Principle Award Recipient: JustinYap
© 2023 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
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/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000725.v3
2023-11-28
2024-04-28
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The relationship between the number of COVID-19 vaccines and infection with Omicron ACE2 inhibition at 18-months post initial vaccination in an adult cohort of Canadian paramedics
Access Microbiology 5, 000725.v3 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000725.v3
/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000725.v3
/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000725.v3
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