Objectives Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) involving an endometrial polyp and concurrent extrauterine disease is associated with poor prognosis. We examined the clinicopathological profiles of patients with stage 1A USC with and without polyp involvement and the role of polyp size and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) as prognostic indicators for extrauterine disease in patients with early USC.

Methods/Materials From 2002 to 2014, 242 patients with pure USC were identified. Fisher exact test was used for categorical variables. The student t test was used for means. Logistic regression was used to compute the odds ratio for continuous and categorical variables.

Results Among stage 1A patients, the odds ratio of developing extrauterine disease for every 1 cm increase in polyp size is 1.368 (95% confidence interval, 1.034–1.810). Polyp size is only significantly associated with advanced stage disease for patients with myometrial invasion. A higher percent of LVI was found in stage 4 patients (31%). There is no survival or recurrence difference for stage 1 patients regardless of treatment or observation.

Conclusions Polyp size does not predict extrauterine disease for USC patients with disease in polyp only or disease in polyp and endometrium. Further study is needed to investigate whether presence of LVI is a prognostic factor.