Elsevier

The Journal of Nutrition

Volume 149, Issue 9, September 2019, Pages 1533-1542
The Journal of Nutrition

Basal and Postprandial Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Rates Do Not Differ between Lean and Obese Middle-Aged Men

https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz104Get rights and content
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open access

ABSTRACT

Background

Excess lipid availability has been associated with the development of anabolic resistance. As such, obesity may be accompanied by impairments in muscle protein metabolism.

Objective

We hypothesized that basal and postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates are lower in obese than in lean men.

Methods

Twelve obese men [mean ± SEM age: 48 ± 2 y; BMI (in kg/m2): 37.0 ± 1.5; body fat: 32 ± 2%] and 12 age-matched lean controls (age: 43 ± 3 y; BMI: 23.4 ± 0.4; body fat: 21 ± 1%) received primed continuous L-[ring-2H5]-phenylalanine and L-[ring-3,5-2H2]-tyrosine infusions and ingested 25 g intrinsically L-[1-13C]-phenylalanine labeled whey protein. Repeated blood and muscle samples were obtained to assess protein digestion and amino acid absorption kinetics, and basal and postprandial myofibrillar protein synthesis rates.

Results

Exogenous phenylalanine appearance rates increased after protein ingestion in both groups (P < 0.001), with a total of 53 ± 1% and 53 ± 2% of dietary protein–derived phenylalanine appearing in the circulation over the 5-h postprandial period in lean and obese men, respectively (P = 0.82). After protein ingestion, whole-body protein synthesis and oxidation rates increased to a greater extent in lean men than in the obese (P-interaction < 0.05), resulting in a higher whole-body protein net balance in the lean than in the obese (7.1 ± 0.2 and 4.6 ± 0.4 µmol phenylalanine · h−1 · kg−1, respectively; P-interaction < 0.001). Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates increased from 0.030 ± 0.002 and 0.028 ± 0.003%/h in the postabsorptive period to 0.034 ± 0.002 and 0.035 ± 0.003%.h−1 in the 5-h postprandial period (P = 0.03) in lean and obese men, respectively, with no differences between groups (P-interaction = 0.58).

Conclusions

Basal, postabsorptive myofibrillar protein synthesis rates do not differ between lean and obese middle-aged men. Postprandial protein handling, including protein digestion and amino acid absorption, and the postprandial muscle protein synthetic response after the ingestion of 25 g whey protein are not impaired in obese men. This trial was registered at www.trialregister.nl as NTR4060.

Key Words

obesity
protein ingestion
metabolism
anabolic resistance
postprandial protein handling
muscle protein synthesis

Abbreviations

CSA
cross-sectional area
En%
energy percentage
FFM
fat-free mass
FSR
fractional synthesis rate
HU
Hounsfield Units
MPE
mole percent excess
NEFA
nonesterified fatty acid
OGTT
oral-glucose-tolerance test
Ra
rate of appearance
TG
triacylglycerol
VAT
visceral adipose tissue.

Cited by (0)

Supported by Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TiFN), a public–private partnership on precompetitive research in food and nutrition. The researchers are responsible for the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. The industrial partners have contributed to the project through regular discussion.