Contents
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THE TASK SWITCHING PARADIGM THE TASK SWITCHING PARADIGM
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HISTORIC FOUNDATIONS HISTORIC FOUNDATIONS
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TASK SWITCHING PARADIGMS TASK SWITCHING PARADIGMS
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Task Differences Task Differences
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Single Step vs. Multistep Tasks Single Step vs. Multistep Tasks
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Methods for Task Instruction Methods for Task Instruction
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Instructions from Memory Instructions from Memory
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Instructions in Each Trial Instructions in Each Trial
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Self-Selected Tasks Self-Selected Tasks
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MENTAL SETS AND TASK SETS MENTAL SETS AND TASK SETS
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WHAT MAKES A COGNITIVE TASK? WHAT MAKES A COGNITIVE TASK?
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PROCESSES PROCESSES
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Inner Obstacles and Contributions to Rigidity Inner Obstacles and Contributions to Rigidity
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Task-Set Inertia Task-Set Inertia
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Stimulus-Set Binding Stimulus-Set Binding
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Retroactive Adjustments Retroactive Adjustments
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Conclusions Conclusions
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Control Processes and Contributions to Flexibility Control Processes and Contributions to Flexibility
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Task Decision and Goal Maintenance Task Decision and Goal Maintenance
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Inhibition Inhibition
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Information Filtering Information Filtering
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Monitoring Monitoring
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Preparation Preparation
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CONCLUSION CONCLUSION
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REFERENCES REFERENCES
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CHAPTER 11 Task Switching: Mechanisms Underlying Rigid vs. Flexible Self-Control
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Published:March 2010
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Abstract
This chapter reviews the historical and current literature on task switching, focusing primarily on cognitive-behavioral studies on healthy human subjects. It outlines what I see to be widely accepted conclusions. These include the notion that tasks have mental representations (“task sets”) and that a change in this representation results in slowing (although the exact reasons for the slowing are debated). Following Ach (2006/1910), the chapter divides the processes that are currently mentioned in the literature into those making an inner obstacle against a task switch (thus causing rigidity) and those that enable a task switch (thus supporting flexibility). It also discusses some major controversies in the field and suggest that many of these controversies are more apparent than real by pointing out the many issues where a broad consensus exists.
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