Contents
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THE VENTRILOQUIST EFFECT THE VENTRILOQUIST EFFECT
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AUDIOVISUAL INTEGRATION AT THE TIME OF SACCADES AUDIOVISUAL INTEGRATION AT THE TIME OF SACCADES
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Spatial Ventriloquism during Saccades Spatial Ventriloquism during Saccades
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Perceived Timing of Audiovisual Stimuli during Saccades Perceived Timing of Audiovisual Stimuli during Saccades
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Conclusion Conclusion
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DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIMODAL INTEGRATION DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIMODAL INTEGRATION
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CROSS-SENSORY CALIBRATION CROSS-SENSORY CALIBRATION
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HAPTIC ORIENTATION-DISCRIMINATION IN NONSIGHTED CHILDREN HAPTIC ORIENTATION-DISCRIMINATION IN NONSIGHTED CHILDREN
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CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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REFERENCES REFERENCES
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CHAPTER 10 Multisensory Integration and Calibration in Adults and in Children
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Published:September 2011
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Abstract
This chapter discusses recent experiments on cross-sensory integration and calibration. It first gives a clear example of sensory integration of visual and auditory signals (the “ventriloquist effect”) under conditions where audiovisual conflict is introduced artificially and when it is introduced by more natural means, for example, saccadic eye movements. The results build on many others to show that audiovisual spatial and temporal information is integrated in an optimal manner, where optimality is defined as maximizing precision. However, young children do not show optimal integration (of visual and haptic information); before eight years of age, one or the other sense prevails: touch for size, and vision for orientation discrimination. The sensory domination may reflect cross-modal calibration of vision and touch. Touch does not always calibrate vision, but the more robust, and hence more accurate calibrates the other: touch for size, but vision for orientation. This hypothesis is supported by measurements of haptic discrimination in nonsighted children. Haptic orientation thresholds were greatly impaired compared with age-matched controls, whereas haptic size thresholds were at least as good, and often better. The impairment in haptic orientation discrimination results from disruption of cross-modal calibration.
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