Abstract
Toroidal and poloidal rotation has been measured in the Poloidal Divertor Experiment (PDX) tokamak in Ohmic and neutral-beam heated plasmas in a variety of discharge conditions and in both circular and diverted configurations. Rotation velocities were deduced from Doppler shifts of magnetic dipole (M1) lines and lines of optically allowed transitions in the visible and UV regions, from Kα emission, and also from an array of magnetic pickup loops. Poloidal and toroidal rotation velocities in Ohmically heated discharges were usually less than 3 × 105 cm·s−1. Near the plasma edge, the toroidal rotation velocity varies with poloidal angle both before and during neutral-beam injection. No systematic poloidal rotation was observed during neutral-beam injection centred about or displaced 10 cm from the horizontal midplane, which implies that the poloidal damping time τθ < 0.5 τii consistent with theoretical estimates. The central toroidal rotation velocity during neutral-beam injection scales linearly with the quantity 
and is independent of plasma current and toroidal magnetic field. The toroidal rotation velocity is higher in deuterium than in hydrogen plasmas, and also in diverted discharges as compared with circular ones. Toroidal rotation decay times after injection range from 80–100 ms at the centre to 160–180 ms at half the minor radius. Modelling of the radial profile of toroidal rotation indicates a central momentum diffusivity of the order of 8 × 103 cm2·s−1. This is approximately a factor of three higher than the momentum diffusivity obtained from the decay time. All present theories are inadequate in accounting for the observed damping rate of vϕ.