Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of a group intervention for child (6–12 years old) victims of sexual abuse. A sample of 51 children involved in a group psychoeducational intervention offered by a community center were contrasted to a sample of 39 children from a comparison group. Participants in the group intervention reported fewer anxiety and posttraumatic symptoms and relied less on avoidance coping to deal with the sexual abuse than children in the comparison group. The intervention was associated with fewer parent-reported behavior problems. Marginal effects were highlighted for depression and dissociation. Gender of the child, age group, and the type of abuse were not linked to outcomes. Children dropping out of treatment were perceived by parents as presenting higher behavioral problems at initial evaluation and were more likely to live in foster families.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abella, A., & Manzano, J. (2000). Les ruptures de traitement (drop-out) en pédopsychiatrie: Une revue [Treatment drop-out in child psychiatric services: A review]. Archives Suisses de Neurologie et de Psychiatrie, vn3, 86–92.
Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms and profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families.
Alexander, P. C., Neimeyer, R. A., Follette, V. M., Moore, M. K., & Harter, S. (1989). A comparison of group treatments of women sexually abused as children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 479–483.
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Bagley, C., & Young, L. (1998). Long-term evaluation of group counselling for women with a history of child sexual abuse: Focus on depression, self-esteem, suicidal behaviors and social support. Social Work with Groups, 21(3), 63–73.
Barker-Collo, S., & Read, J. (2003). Models of response to childhood sexual abuse: Their implications for treatment. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 4(2), 95–111.
Basu, A., Malone, J. C., Levendosky, A. A., & Dubay, S. (2009). Longitudinal treatment effectiveness outcomes of a group intervention for women and children exposed to domestic violence. Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma, 2(2), 90–105.
Boisvert, I., Tourigny, M., & Paquette, G. (2008). Caractéristiques associées à l’abandon de la thérapie de groupe par des adolescentes victimes d’agression sexuelle [Factors linked to treatment dropout from group therapy for teenagers victims of sexual abuse]. Revue québécoise de psychologie, 29(3), 133–145.
Callahan, K. L., Price, J. L., & Hilsenroth, M. J. (2004). A review of interpersonal-psychodynamic group psychotherapy outcomes for adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy. 54, 491–519.
Causey, D. L., & Dubow, E. F. (1992). Development of a self-report coping measure for elementary school children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 21(1), 47–59.
Chaffin, M., & Schultz, S. K. (2001). Psychometric evaluation of the Children’s Impact of Traumatic Events Scale-Revised. Child Abuse & Neglect, 25, 401–411.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Courtois, C. A. (1988). Healing the incest wound: Adult survivors in therapy. New York, NY: Norton. a]Daigneault, I., Hébert, M., & McDuff, P. (2009). Men’s and women’s childhood sexual abuse and victimization in adult partner relationships: A study of risk factors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33, 638–647.
De Luca, R. V., Boyes, D. A., Furer, P., Grayston, A. D., & Hiebert-Murphy D. (1992). Group treatment for child sexual abuse. Canadian Psychology, 33, 168–179.
De Luca, R. V., Boyes, D. A., Grayston, A. D., & Romano, E. (1995). Sexual abuse: Effects of group therapy on pre-adolescent girls. Child Abuse Review, 4(4), 263–277.
Dimitrov, D. M., & Rumrill, P. (2003). Pretest-posttest designs in rehabilitation research. WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment, & Rehabilitation, 20(2), 159–165.
Fernandez, M. A., & Eyberg, S. M. (2009). Predicting treatment and follow-up attrition in parent-child interaction therapy. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37, 431–441.
Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2004). Coping: Pitfalls and promise. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 745–774.
Follette, V. M., Alexander, P. C., & Follette, W. C. (1991). Individual predictors of outcome in group treatment for incest survivors. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59(1), 150–155.
Harter, S. (1985). Manual for the Perceived Competence Scale for Children. Denver, CO: University of Denver Press.
Hébert, M., Daigneault, I., Collin-Vézina, D., & Cyr, M. (2007). Factors linked to distress in mothers of children disclosing sexual abuse. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195, 805–811.
Hébert, M., Parent, N., & Daignault, I. V. (2007). The French-Canadian version of the Self-Report Coping Scale: Estimates of reliability, validity and development of a short form. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 40, 2–15.
Hébert, M., & Tourigny, M. (2004). Child sexual abuse prevention: A review of evaluative studies and recommendations for program development. In S. P. Shohov (Ed.), Advances in psychology research (Vol. 32; pp. 111–143). New York, NY: Nova Science Publisher.
Hébert, M. Tourigny, M., Cyr, M., McDuff, P., & Joly, J. (2009). Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse and timing of disclosure in a representative sample of adults from the province of Quebec. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54, 631–636.
Hébert, M., Tremblay, C., Parent, N., Daignault, I. V., & Piché, C. (2006). Correlates of behavioral outcomes in sexually abused children. Journal of Family Violence, 21(5), 287–299.
Hetzel-Riggin, M. D., Brausch, A. M., & Montgomery, B. S. (2007). A meta-analytic investigation of therapy modality outcomes for sexually abused children and adolescents: An exploratory study. Child Abuse and Neglect, 31(2), 125–141.
Kenny, M. C., Capri, V., Thakkar-Kolar, R. R., Ryan, E. E., & Runyon, M. K. (2008). Child sexual abuse: From prevention to self-protection. Child Abuse Review, 17(1), 36–54.
Kessler, M. R., White, M. B., & Nelson, B. S. (2003). Group treatments for women sexually abused as children: A review of the literature and recommendations for future outcome research. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27, 1045–1061.
Kovacs, M. (1985). The Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI). Psychopharmocology Bulletin, 21, 995–998.
Kovacs, M. (1992). Children’s Depression Inventory manual. North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems.
Lovett, B. B. (1995). Child sexual abuse: the female victim’s relationship with her nonoffending mother. Child Abuse & Neglect, 19, 729–738.
Malinosky-Rummell, R. R., & Hoier, T. S. (1991). Validating measures of dissociation in sexually abused and nonabused children. Behavioral Assessment, 13, 341–357.
McCrone, P. R., Weeramanthri, T., Knapp, M. R. J., Rushton, A., Trowell, J., Miles, G., & Kolvin, I. (2005). Cost-effectiveness of individual versus group psychotherapy for sexually abused girls. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 10(1), 26–31.
Pereda, N., Guilera, G., Forns, M., & Gomez-Benito, J. (2009). The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 328–338.
Putnam, F. W. (2003). Ten-year research update review: Child sexual abuse. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent, 42(3), 269–278.
Putnam, F. W., Helmers, K., & Trickett, P. K. (1993). Development, reliability, and validity of a child dissociation scale. Child Abuse & Neglect, 17, 731–741.
Putnam, F. W., & Peterson, G. (1994). Further validation of the Child Dissociative Checklist. Dissociation, 7(4), 204–211.
Ramchandani, P., & Jones, D. P. H. (2003). Treating psychological symptoms in sexually abused children: From research findings to service provision. British Journal of Psychiatry, 183, 484–490.
Reeker, J., Ensing, D., & Elliott, R. (1997). A meta-analytic investigation of group treatment outcomes for sexually abused children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 21, 669–680.
Renk, K., Donnelly, R., Roddenberry, A., & Baksh, E. (2008). Child and adolescent sexual abuse: Prevention endeavors. In C. Hilarski, J. S. Wodarski, & M. Feit (Eds.), Handbook of social work in child and adolescent sexual abuse (pp. 229–251). Binghamton, NY: Haworth.
Reynolds, C. R., & Richmond, B. O. (1985). Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) manual. Los Angeles, CA: TWestern Psychological Services.
Richter, N. L., Snider, E., & Gorey, K. M. (1997). Group work intervention with female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Research on Social Work Practice, 7, 53–69.
Ross, G., & O’Carroll, P. (2004). Cognitive behavioural psychotherapy intervention in childhood sexual abuse: Identifying new directions from the literature. Child Abuse Review, 13, 51–64.
Roth, S., & Cohen, L. J. (1986). Approach, avoidance, and coping with stress. American Psychologist, 41, 813–819.
Silverman, W. K., Ortiz, C. D., Viswesvaran, C., Burns, B. J., Kolko, D. J., Putnam, F. W., & Amaya-Jackson, L. (2008). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 37(1), 156–183.
Simoneau, A.-C., Hébert, M., & Tourigny, M. (2008a). Recension des études évaluatives des interventions de groupe destinées aux enfants de six à douze ans victimes d’agression sexuelle [A review of evaluative studies of group interventions designed for children ages 6 to 12 victims of sexual abuse]. Revue de psychoéducation, 37(2), 245–288.
Simoneau, A.-C., Hébert, M., & Tourigny, M. (2008b). Évaluation d’une intervention de groupe pour enfants de six à treize ans victimes d’agression sexuelle [Evaluation of an intervention for children ages 6 to 13 victims of sexual abuse]. Revue québécoise de psychologie, 29(3), 27–43.
Sitarenios, G., & Kovacs, M. (1999). Use of the CDI. In M. E. Maruish (Ed.), The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcomes assessment (pp. 267-298). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Smithson, M. (2002). Confidence intervals: Quantitative applications in the social sciences series, No. 140. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Stevenson, J. (1999). The treatment of the long-term sequelae of child abuse. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 40(1), 89–111.
St-Laurent, L. (1990). Étude psychométriques de l’inventaire de la dépression pour enfants de Kovacs auprès d’un échantillon francophone [Psychometric properties of Kovacs’ Child Depression Inventory in a Francophone sample]. Revue Canadienne des Sciences du Comportement, 22, 377–384.
Tourigny, M. (1997). Efficacité des interventions pour enfants abusés sexuellement: Une recension des écrits [Efficacy of interventions for children victims of sexual abuse: A review]. Revue canadienne de psycho-éducation, 26(1), 39–69.
Westbury, E., & Tutty, L. M. (1999). The efficacy of group treatment for survivors of childhood abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23(1), 31–44.
Whiffen, V. E., & MacIntosh, H. B. (2005). Mediators of the link between childhood sexual abuse and emotional distress. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 6(1), 24–39.
Wierzbicki, M., & Pekarik, G. (1993). A meta-analysis of psychotherapy dropout. Professional Psychology, Research and Practice, 24(2), 190–195.
Wolfe, V. V. (1996). Measuring post-traumatic stress disorder: The Children’s Impact of Traumatic Events Scale-Revised. APSAC Advisor, 9, 25–26.
Wolfe, V. V. (2002). The Children’s Impact of Traumatic Events Scale II (CITES-II). Unpublished assessment instrument. (Available from V. V. Wolfe, Child and Adolescent Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, 346 South St., London, Ontario N6A 4G5, Canada.)
Wolfe, V. V. (2007). Child sexual abuse. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Assessment of childhood disorders (4th ed.; pp. 685–748). New York, NY: Guilford.
Wolfe, V. V., Gentile, C., & Bourdeau, P. (1987). History of Victimization Form. Unpublished assessment instrument, London Health Science Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.
Wolfe, V. V., Wolfe, D. A., Gentile, C., & LaRose, L. (1987). Children’s Impact of Traumatic Events Scale-Revised. Unpublished manuscript, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Zlotnick, C., Shea, T. M., Rosen, K., Simpson, E., Mulrenin, K., Begin, A., & Pearlstein, T. (1997). An affect-management group for women with posttraumatic stress disorder and histories of childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 10, 425–436.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hébert, M., Tourigny, M. Effects of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention for Children Victims of Sexual Abuse. Journ Child Adol Trauma 3, 143–160 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1080/19361521003726930
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19361521003726930