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Characterization of peripheral blood human immunodeficiency virus isolates from Hispanic women with cognitive impairment

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Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) tropism plays an important role in HIV-associated dementia. In this study, aimed at determining if the tropism and coreceptor usage of circulating viruses correlates with cognitive function, the authors isolated and characterized HIV from the peripheral blood of 21 Hispanic women using antiretroviral therapy. Macrophage tropism was determined by inoculation of HIV isolates onto monocyte-derived macrophages and lymphocyte cultures. To define coreceptor usage, the HIV isolates were inoculated onto the U87.CD4 glioma cell lines with specific CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptors. HIV isolates from cognitively impaired patients showed higher levels of replication in mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells than did isolates from patients with normal cognition (P < .05). The viral growth of HIV primary isolates in macrophages and lymphocytes did not differ between patients with and those without cognitive impairment. However, isolates from the cognitively impaired women preferentially used the X4 coreceptor (P < .05). These phenotypic studies suggest that cognitively impaired HIV-infected women receiving treatment may have a more highly replicating and more pathogenic X4 virus in the circulation that could contribute to their neuropathogenesis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, Neurology Section, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico

    Dianedis M. Toro Nieves, Marinés Plaud & Loyda M. Meléndez

  2. Specialized NeuroAIDS Program, Neurology Section, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico

    Marinés Plaud, Valerie Wojna & Loyda M. Meléndez

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology Section, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico

    Valerie Wojna

  4. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Richard Skolasky

  5. Specialized Neurosciences Research Program, Biomedical Studies Building, 3rd Floor, Suite 310, 00935, San Juan, Puerto Rico

    Loyda M. Meléndez

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  1. Dianedis M. Toro Nieves
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  2. Marinés Plaud
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  3. Valerie Wojna
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  4. Richard Skolasky
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  5. Loyda M. Meléndez
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Correspondence to Loyda M. Meléndez.

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This work was supported by the following grants: NIH-SNRP 1 U54NS430, NIH-MBRS-SCORE-SO6GMO822, NIH-RCMI-CRC P20RR11126, and GM61838 from the MBRS-RISE Program.

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Nieves, D.M.T., Plaud, M., Wojna, V. et al. Characterization of peripheral blood human immunodeficiency virus isolates from Hispanic women with cognitive impairment. Journal of NeuroVirology 13, 315–327 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1080/13550280701361508

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