Skip to main content
Log in

Dispatches from the “Viejo” New South: Historicizing recent Latino migrations

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Latino Studies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Latino migration to the US South is not a new phenomenon. Claims of a “Nuevo New South” are thus products of the scholarly and popular imaginations rather than the historical record. Indeed, the claim of a rupture with the past has the potential to obscure the fact that contemporary relationships of race and class have their roots in the dilemmas that have confronted white and black Southerners since Emancipation. If the times and places of “the New South” meant something different to African Americans than it did to white observers and boosters, what have the times and places of the “Nuevo” South meant to Latino immigrants? Do those meanings, in fact, originate in a novel globalizing moment at the turn of the twenty-first century? And how can teasing out Latino immigrants’ own narratives about the region help social scientists and historians find more appropriate ways of conceptualizing Latino immigration's meaning for the South as a whole?

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Figure 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Quoted in Cooper and Terrill (2009, 466–467).

  2. For a more detailed explanation of the Latin American origins of migrants’ Southern strategies, see Weise (2009).

  3. Amiri Baraka, quoted in Grossman (1989, 7).

  4. It is unclear whether this indicates Laguna, Texas or Laguna, California, though Manuel Gamio's text indicates the latter. Deverell (2004, 169) posits that this lyric refers to the backbreaking labor at Simons Brick Company in “Simons, Laguna” East of Los Angeles.

References

  • Alvarez Jr, R.R . 1986. The Lemon Grove Incident: The Nation's First Successful Desegregation Court Case. The Journal of San Diego History 32 (2): 116–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Basave Benítez, A . 1992. México Mestizo: Análisis del nacionalismo mexicano en torno a la mestizophilia de Andrés Molina Enríquez. Mexico City, Mexico DF: Fondo de Cultura Económica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blanton, C.K . 2006. George I. Sánchez, Ideology, and Whiteness in the Making of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement, 1930–1960. The Journal of Southern History 72 (3): 569–604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cobb, J.C . 1992. The Most Southern Place on Earth: The Mississippi Delta and the Roots of Regional Identity. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, W.J. and T.E. Terrill . 2009. The American South: A History (4th edn. Vol. 2). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cravey, A . 2006. Transnationality, Social Spaces, and Parallel Worlds. In Latinos in the New South: Transformations of Place, eds. H.A. Smith and O.J. Furuseth, 217–234. Burlington, VT and Hampshire, UK: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale Jacobson, R . 2008. The New Nativism: Proposition 187 and the Debate over Immigration. Minneapolis, MN and London: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deverell, W.F . 2004. Whitewashed Adobe: The Rise of Los Angeles and the Remaking of its Mexican Past. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fink, L . 2003. The Maya of Morganton: Work and Community in the Nuevo New South. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Foley, N . 1997. The White Scourge: Mexicans, Blacks, and Poor Whites in Texas Cotton Culture. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furuseth, O.J. and H.A. Smith . 2006. From Winn-Dixie to Tiendas: The Remaking of the New South. In Latinos in the New South: Transformations of Place, eds. H.A. Smith and O.J. Furuseth, 1–18. Burlington, VT and Hampshire, UK: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gamio, M . 1971. Mexican Immigration to the United States: A Study of Human Migration and Adjustment. New York: Dover Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • García, M . 2001. A World of its Own: Race, Labor, and Citrus in the Making of Greater Los Angeles, 1900–1970. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaston, P.M . 1970. The New South Creed: A Study in Southern Mythmaking. New York: Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomez, R . 2010. Braceros in the Arkansas Delta, 1943–1964. The Ozark Historical Review 39 (Spring): 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, L.K . (Forthcoming). “They Just Keep Runnin’ the Line”: Black Women in the South Arkansas Poultry Processing Industry. Submitted to LSU Press.

  • Grossman, J.R . 1989. Land of Hope: Chicago, Black Southerners, and the Great Migration. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Guerrero, P.M . 2010. Impacting Arkansas: Vietnamese and Cuban refugees and Latina/o immigrants, 1975–2005. Unpublished dissertation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.

  • Guglielmo, T.A . 2006. Fighting for Caucasian Rights: Mexicans, Mexican Americans, and the Transnational Struggle for Civil Rights in World War II Texas. The Journal of American History 94 (4): 1212–1237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hahamovitch, C . 1997. The Fruits of their Labor: Atlantic Coast Farmworkers and the Making of Migrant Poverty, 1870–1945. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Helton, L.E. and A. Steusse . 2004. Race, Low-wage Legacies and the Politics of Poultry Processing: Intersections of Contemporary Immigration and African American Labor Histories in Central Mississippi. Paper presented at the Southern Labor Studies Conference; 15–17 April, Birmingham, AL.

  • Hewitt, N.A . 2001. Southern Discomfort: Women's Activism in Tampa, Florida, 1880s–1920s. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, J.A . (2012). Blacks May Be Second Class, but They Can’t Make Them Leave: Mexican Racial Formation and Immigrant Status in Winston–Salem. Latino Studies 10 (1–2): 60–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jung, M.-H . 2006. Coolies and Cane: Race, Labor, and Sugar in the Age of Emancipation. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kantrowitz, S.D . 2000. Ben Tillman & the Reconstruction of White Supremacy. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasarda, J.D. and J.H. Johnson Jr . 2006. The Economic Impact of the Hispanic Population on the State of North Carolina. Chapel Hill, NC: Kenan-Flager Business School, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight, A . 1990. Racism, Revolution, and Indigenismo: Mexico, 1910–1940. In The Idea of Race in Latin America, 1870–1940, ed. R. Graham, 71–113. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lassiter, M.D. and J. Crespino, eds. 2010. The Myth of Southern Exceptionalism. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Light, I . 2006. Deflecting Immigration: Networks, Markets, and Regulation in Los Angeles. New York: Russell Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loewen, J.W . 1971. The Mississippi Chinese: Between Black and White. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lovato, R . 2008. Juan Crow in Georgia. The Nation 26 May.

  • Luna, G.T. and F. Ansley . 2009. Global Migrants and Access to Local Housing: Anti-Immigrant Backlash Hits Home. In Global Connections & Local Receptions: New Latino Immigration to the Southeastern United States, eds. F. Ansley and J. Shefner, 155–193. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marrow, H . 2007. Southern Becoming: Immigrant Incorporation and Race Relations in the Rural U.S. South. Unpublished dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.

  • Marrow, H . 2008. Hispanic Immigration, Black Population Size, and Intergroup Relations in the Rural and Small-Town South. In New Faces in New Places: The Changing Geography of American Immigration, ed. D. Massey, 211–248. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marrow, H . 2011. New Destination Dreaming: Immigration, Race, and Legal Status in the Rural American South. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Massey, D.S., R. Alarcón, J. Durand and H. González . 1990. Return to Aztlan: The Social Process of International Migration from Western Mexico. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McClain, P.D., et al 2006. Racial Distancing in a Southern City: Latino Immigrants’ Views of Black Americans. Journal of Politics 68 (3): 571–584.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milani, E.R . 1991. Peonage at Sunnyside and the Reaction of the Italian Government. The Arkansas Historical Quarterly 50 (1): 30–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohl, R.A . 2003. Globalization, Latinization, and the Nuevo New South. Journal of American Ethnic History 22 (4): 31–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montejano, D . 1987. Anglos and Mexicans in the Making of Texas, 1836–1986. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Odem, M.E . 2010. Latin American Immigration and the New Multiethnic South. In The Myth of Southern Exceptionalism eds. M.D. Lassiter and J. Crespino, 234–262. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Odem, M.E. and E. Lacy . 2009. Introduction. In Latino Immigrants and the Transformation of the U.S. South, eds. M.E. Odem and E. Lacy, ix–xvii. Athens, GA: University of Georgia press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orenstein, D . 2005. Void for Vagueness: Mexicans and the Collapse of Miscegenation Law in California. Pacific Historical Review 74 (3): 367–407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Painter, N.W . 1949. The Assimilation of Latin Americans in New Orleans, Louisiana. Unpublished MA, Tulane University, New Orleans.

  • Passel, J. and W. Zimmerman . 2001. Are Immigrants Leaving California? Settlement Patterns of Immigrants in the Late 1990s. Washington DC: Urban Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peacock, J.L . 2007. Grounded Globalism: How the U.S. South Embraces the World. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez, M . 2011. The Tejano Diaspora: Mexican Americanism and Ethnic Politics in Texas and Wisconsin. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez, G.J . 1987. Latinos, the American South, and the Future of U.S. Race Relations. Southern Spaces, 26 April, http://southernspaces.org/2007/latinos-american-south-and-future-us-race-relations.

  • Sánchez, G.J . 1993. Becoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture, and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900–1945. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • San Miguel, G . 1987. Let all of Them Take Heed: Mexican Americans and the Quest for Educational Equality. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, B.E . 2009. Market Rivals or Class Allies? Relations between African American and Latino Immigrant Workers in Memphis. In Global Connections & Local Receptions: New Latino Immigration to the Southeastern United States, eds. F. Ansley and J. Shefner, 299–317. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, H.A. and O.J. Furuseth . 2006. Making Real the Mythical Latino Community in Charlotte, North Carolina. In Latinos in the New South: Transformations of Place, eds. H.A. Smith and O.J. Furuseth, 191–216. Burlington, VT and Hampshire, UK: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, H.A. and O.J. Furuseth . 2008. The “Nuevo South”: Latino Place Making and Community Building in the Middle-Ring Suburbs of Charlotte. In Twenty-First Century Gateways: Immigrant Incorporation in Suburban America, eds. A. Singer, S.W. Hardwick and C.B. Brettell. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soto, A . 1991. Interview by Richard Enriquez, tape recording, MSS#247. Cleveland, MS: Delta State University Archives.

    Google Scholar 

  • Striffler, S. and J.M. Weise . 2008. Arkansas. In Latino America: A State-by-State Encyclopedia, eds. M. Overmyer-Velázquez. Vol. 1. 63–75. Westport, CT and London: Greenwood Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Studstill, J.D. and L. Nieto-Studstill . 2001. Hospitality and Hostility: Latin Immigrants in Southern Georgia. In Latino Workers in the Contemporary South, eds. A.D. Murphy, C. Blanchard and J.A. Hill. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stuesse, A . 2009. Race, Migration, and Labor Control: Neoliberal Challenges to Organizing Mississippi's Poultry Workers. In Latino Immigrants and the Transformation of the U.S. South, eds. E. Lacy and M.E. Odem. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takaki, R.T . 1993. A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America. Boston, MA: Little Brown & Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torres, R., et al 2003. Transnational Communities in Eastern North Carolina: Results from a Survey of Latino Families in Greene County. The North Carolina Geographer 11: 88–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1989. 1987 Census of Agriculture, Vol. 1. Geographic Area Series, Part 10: Georgia, State and County Data Washington DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.

  • Watson, H.L . 2005. Southern History, Southern Future: Some Reflections and a Cautious Forecast. In The American South in a Global World, eds. J.L. Peacock, H.L. Watson and C.R. Matthews, 277–288. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weeks, G.B., J.R. Weeks and A.J. Weeks . 2006–2007. Latino Immigration in the U.S. South: “Carolatinos” and Public Policy in Charlotte, North Carolina. Latino(a) Research Review 6 (1–2): 50–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weise, J.M . 2008a. Mexican Nationalisms, Southern Racisms: Mexicans and Mexican Americans in the U.S. South, 1908–1939. American Quarterly 60 (3): 749–777.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weise, J.M . 2008b. Mississippi. In Latino America: A State-by-State Encyclopedia, eds. M. Overmyer-Velázquez. Vol. 1. 445–461. Westport, CT and London: Greenwood Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weise, J.M . 2009. Fighting for Their Place: Mexicans and Mexican Americans in the U.S. South, 1910–2008. Unpublished dissertation, Yale University, New Haven.

  • Weise, J.M . 2010. Braceros and Jim Crow in Arkansas. In Que Fronteras?: Mexican Braceros and a Re-examination of the Legacy of Migration, ed. P. López. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitmire, T . 2005. Will Fajitas Replace Moon Pie? The Enquirer Journal, p. 1A. 27 November.

  • Winders, J. and B.E. Smith . 2010. New Pasts: Historicizing Immigration, Race, and Place in the South. Southern Spaces, 4 November, http://southernspaces.org/2010/new-pasts-historicizing-immigration-race-and-place-south.

  • Woodruff, N.E . 1990. Pick or Fight: The Emergency Farm Labor Program in the Arkansas and Mississippi Deltas during World War II. Agricultural History 64 (2): 74–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, C.V . 1960. The Burden of Southern History. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuñiga, V. and R. Hernández-Leon . 2009. The Dalton Story: Mexican Immigration and Social Transformation in the Carpet Capital of the World. In Latino Immigrants and the Transformation of the U.S. South, eds. M.E. Odem and E. Lacy, 34–50. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to the other authors in this special issue for their feedback at our kickoff conference in February 2010. Michael Innis-Jiménez, Geraldo Cadava, and the anonymous reviewer of Latino Studies provided close reading and invaluable suggestions in the final stages of writing.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Weise, J. Dispatches from the “Viejo” New South: Historicizing recent Latino migrations. Lat Stud 10, 41–59 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1057/lst.2012.10

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/lst.2012.10

Keywords

Navigation