Abstract
With a 41-society sample of 9990 managers and professionals, we used hierarchical linear modeling to investigate the impact of both macro-level and micro-level predictors on subordinate influence ethics. While we found that both macro-level and micro-level predictors contributed to the model definition, we also found global agreement for a subordinate influence ethics hierarchy. Thus our findings provide evidence that developing a global model of subordinate ethics is possible, and should be based upon multiple criteria and multilevel variables.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to sincerely thank our anonymous reviewers, as well as Department Editor, Rick Larrick, for their efforts in assisting us during the development of this article.
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Accepted by Rick Larrick, Departmental Editor, 28 May 2008. This paper has been with the authors for four revisions.
1University of Oklahoma, USA
2Simon Fraser University, Canada
3Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya, Mexico
4University of New South Wales, Australia
5Monash University, Malaysia
6University of Queensland Business School, Australia
7University of Westminster, UK
8ESC – Grenoble, France
9University of Zagreb, Croatia
10Lingnan University, Hong Kong
11Anabas Learning Ltd, Thailand
12University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
13University of Tennessee, USA
14University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
15University of Maribor, Slovenia
16Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Germany
17VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
18Florida State University, USA
19Clinica De Stress E Biofeedback, Brazil
20Florida Atlantic University, USA
21University of North Texas, USA
22University of Dallas, USA
23University of Minnesota, USA
24Instituto Superior de Ciencias do Trabalho e da Empresa, Portugal
25Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
26University of Hartford, USA
27University of São Paulo, Brazil
28George Washington University, USA
29Pennsylvania State University, USA
30Lahore University of Management Sciences, Pakistan
31Georgia State University, USA
32CEMPRE – Universidade do Porto, Portugal
33Universidad de los Andes, Colombia
34University of Western Ontario, Canada
35University of Lethbridge, Canada
36Ben-Gurion University, Israel
37University of Connecticut, USA
38Centre for International Business and Economic Research, Vilnius, Lithuania
39University of Texas at Dallas, USA
40University of Valencia, Spain
41National Economics University, Vietnam
42Seoul National University, South Korea
43National University of Singapore, Singapore
44Yuan-Ze University, Taiwan
45Catholic University of Milan, Italy
46University of Kuopio, Finland
47University of Sheffield, UK
48Retired
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Ralston, D., Egri, C., de la Garza Carranza, M. et al. Ethical preferences for influencing superiors: A 41-society study. J Int Bus Stud 40, 1022–1045 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2008.109
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2008.109