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Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 25(3): 317-336
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-829504
Copyright © 2004 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Latent Tuberculosis Infection

Eric Nuermberger1 , William R. Bishai1 , Jacques H. Grosset1
  • 1Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
29 June 2004 (online)

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Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a clinical condition characterized by a positive tuberculin skin test in the absence of clinical or radiological signs of active tuberculosis disease. It has been estimated that one third of the world's population is latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and serves as an enormous reservoir for future cases of active tuberculosis. The detection and treatment of individuals with LTBI and a high risk of progression to active tuberculosis are effective means to control the spread of tuberculosis. Furthermore, a better understanding of the host-pathogen interactions that result in latent infection could provide important insights for future drug or vaccine development. This chapter reviews recent developments in the molecular genetics, natural history, diagnosis, and treatment of LTBI within its historical context, including the impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Current treatment recommendations are also summarized.

KEYWORDS

Tuberculosis - latency - preventive therapy - dual TB + HIV infection

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Jacques H GrossetM.D. 

Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

1503 E. Jefferson St., Baltimore, MD 21231-1002

Email: jgrosse4@jhmi.edu

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