Download PDF
Planta Med 2010; 76(1): 20-26
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1185903
Pharmacology
Original Papers
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Neuroprotective Effect of Defatted Sesame Seeds Extract against in vitro and in vivo Ischemic Neuronal Damage

Nirmala Jamarkattel-Pandit1 , Naba Raj Pandit1 , Mi-Yeon Kim1 , 2 , Si Hyung Park3 , Kwan Su Kim3 , Hoyoung Choi1 , Hocheol Kim1 , 2 , Youngmin Bu1
  • 1Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
  • 2Korea Institute of Science and Technology for Eastern Medicine (KISTEM), Neumed Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
  • 3Division of Bioscience, College of Natural Science, Mokpo National University, Muan, Korea
Further Information

Publication History

received Dec. 18, 2008 revised June 5, 2009

accepted June 10, 2009

Publication Date:
13 July 2009 (online)

    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oilseed crop that possesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. Many studies have been conducted to investigate its health-promoting effects. Compared to other plant oils, sesame seed oil is highly stable to oxidation and has been demonstrated to have protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat brain. However; the effects of defatted sesame seeds extract (DSE) have not been studied yet. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of DSE against ischemia models. For in vitro ischemia, oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation (OGD‐R, 4 h OGD followed by 24 h reoxygenation) in HT22 cells was used to investigate the protective effects on cell death and the inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation. For in vivo ischemia, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo, 2 h of MCAo followed by 22 h of reperfusion) rat model was used. Twenty-two h after occlusion the rats were assessed for neurobehavioral deficit and infarct volume. DSE (0.1–10 µg/mL) significantly reduced the cell death and inhibited lipid peroxidation induced by OGD‐R. DSE (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg, p. o.) given twice at 0 h and 2 h after onset of ischemia reduced brain infarct volume dose-dependently and improved sensory-motor function. The therapeutic time window of DSE (300 mg/kg, p. o.) was 2 h after MCAo in rats. In conclusion, our results show that DSE may be effective in ischemia models by an antioxidative mechanism.

Key words

Sesamum indicum L. - Pedaliaceae - defatted sesame seeds extract - neuroprotection - cerebral ischemia

References

  • 1 Chacon M R, Jensen M B, Sattin J A, Zivin J A. Neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia: emphasis on the SAINT trial.  Curr Cardiol Rep. 2008;  10 37-42
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Lipton P. Ischemic cell death in brain neurons.  Physiol Rev. 1999;  79 1431-1568
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Danton G H, Dietrich W D. The search for neuroprotective strategies in stroke.  Am J Neuroradiol. 2004;  25 181-194
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Kim H. Neuroprotective herbs for stroke therapy in traditional eastern medicine.  Neurol Res. 2005;  27 287-301
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Shyu Y S, Hwang L S. Antioxidative activity of the crude extract of lignan glycosides from unroasted Burma black sesame meal.  Food Res Int. 2002;  35 357-365
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Namiki M. The chemistry and physiological functions of sesame.  Food Res Int. 1995;  11 281-329
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Katsuzaki H, Kawasumi M, Kawakishi S, Osawa T. Structure of novel antioxidantive lignan glucosides isolated from sesame seed.  Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1992;  56 2087-2088
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Katsuzaki H, Kawakishi S, Osawa T. Sesaminol glucosides in sesame seeds.  Phytochemistry. 1994;  35 773-776
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Ahmad S, Yousuf S, Ishrat T, Khan B, Bhatia K, Fazli I S, Khan J S, Ansari N H, Islam F. Effect of dietary sesame oil as antioxidant on brain hippocampus of rat in focal cerebral ischemia.  Life Sci. 2006;  79 1921-1928
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Fukuda Y, Nagate T, Osawa T, Namiki M. Contribution of lignan analogues to antioxidative activity of refined unroasted sesame seed oil.  J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1996;  63 1027-1031
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Kaur P I, Saini A. Sesamol exhibits antimutagenic activity against oxygen species mediated mutagenicity.  Mutat Res. 2000;  470 71-76
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Hou R CW, Huang H, Tzen J TC, Jeng K CG. Protective effects of sesamin and sesamolin on hypoxic neuronal and PC12 cells.  J Neurosci Res. 2003;  74 123-133
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Kang M, Kawai Y, Naito M, Osawa T. Dietary defatted sesame flour decreases susceptibility to oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.  J Nutr. 1999;  129 1885-1890
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Figueiredo A S, Modesto-Filho J. Effect of defatted sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) flour on the blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic women.  Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2008;  18 77-83
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Lee S Y, Ha T Y, Son D J, Oh K W, Hong J T. Effect of sesaminol glucosides on β-amyloid-induced PC12 cell death through antioxidant mechanisms.  Neurosci Res. 2005;  52 330-341
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Kim S R, Um M Y, Ahn J Y, Hong J T, Ha T Y. The protective effects of sesaminol glycosides against cognitive deficits and oxidative stress induced by β-amyloid protein in mice.  Physiol Funct Dis Risk Reduct. 2003;  3 120
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Goldberg M P, Choi D W. Combined oxygen and glucose deprivation in cortical cell culture: calcium-dependent and calcium-independent mechanisms of neuronal injury.  J Neurosci. 1993;  13 3510-3524
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Zea Longa E L, Weinstein P R, Carlson S, Summins R. Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats.  Stroke. 1989;  20 84-91
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Lee S H, Kim K S, Bu Y M, Park S H. Isolation of phenylpropanoid glucoside from sesame seeds.  J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem. 2009;  52 102-104
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Weidmann E, Brieger J, Jahn B, Hoelzer D, Bergmann L, Mitrou P S. Lactate dehydrogenase-release assay: a reliable, nonradioactive technique for analysis of cytotoxic lymphocyte-mediated lytic activity against blasts from acute myelocytic leukemia.  Ann Hematol. 1995;  70 153-158
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction.  Anal Biochem. 1979;  95 351-358
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Bu Y, Rho S, Kim J, Kim M Y, Lee D H, Kim S Y, Choi H, Kim H. Neuroprotective effect of tyrosol on transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats.  Neurosci Lett. 2007;  414 218-221
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Song Y, Li M, Li J, Wei E. Edaravone protects PC12 cells from ischemic-like injury via attenuating the damage to mitochondria.  J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2006;  7 749-756
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Shen C C, Huang H M, Ou H C, Chen H L, Chen W C, Jeng K C. Protective effect of nicotinamide on neuronal cells under oxygen and glucose deprivation and hypoxia/reoxygenation.  J Biomed Sci. 2004;  11 472-481
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Ha H J, Kwon Y S, Park S M, Shin T, Park J H, Kim H C, Kwon M S, Wie M B. Quercetin attenuates oxygen–glucose deprivation and excitotoxin-induced neurotoxicity in primary cortical cell cultures.  Biol Pharm Bull. 2003;  26 544-546
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Jeong S M, Kim S Y, Kim D R, Nam K C, Ahn D U, Lee S C. Effect of seed roasting conditions on the antioxidant activity of defatted sesame meal extracts.  J Food Sci. 2004;  69 377-381
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Kanski J, Aksenova M, Stoyanova A, Butterfield D A. Ferulic acid antioxidant protection against hydroxyl and peroxyl radical oxidation in synaptosomal and neuronal cell culture systems in vitro: structure-activity studies.  J Nutr Biochem. 2002;  13 273-281
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Moazzami A A, Andersson R E, Kamal-Eldin A. HPLC analysis of sesaminol glucosides in sesame seeds.  J Agric Food Chem. 2006;  54 633-638
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Lee S Y, Son D J, Lee Y K, Lee J W, Lee H J, Yun Y W, Ha T Y, Hong J T. Inhibitory effect of sesaminol glucosides on lipopolysaccharide-induced NF‐kB activation and target gene expression in cultured rat astrocytes.  Neurosci Res. 2006;  56 204-212
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Farooqui A A, Horrocks L A. Lipid peroxides in the free radical pathophysiology of brain diseases.  Cell Mol Neurobiol. 1998;  18 599-608
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Yoshida H, Yanai H, Namiki Y, Fukatsu-Sasaki K, Furutani N, Tada N. Neuroprotective effects of edaravone: a novel free radical scavenger in cerebrovascular injury.  CNS Drug Rev. 2006;  12 9-20
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Puurunen K, Jolkkonen J, Sirvio J, Haapalinna A, Sivenius J. An α2-adrenergic antagonist, atipamezole, facilitates behavioral recovery after focal cerebral ischemia in rats.  Neuropharmacology. 2001;  40 597-606
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Tamura A, Graham D I, McCulloch J, Teasdale G M. Focal cerebral ischaemia in the rat: description of technique and early neuropathological consequences following middle cerebral artery occlusion.  J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1981;  1 53-60
    PubMedGoogle Scholar

Prof. Youngmin Bu

Department of Herbal Pharmacology
College of Oriental Medicine
Kyung Hee University

Seoul 130-701

Korea

Phone: + 82 29 61 94 62

Fax: + 82 29 64 03 25

Email: ymbu@khu.ac.kr

      >