Regular ArticleThe importance of beta-adrenergic receptors in immune regulation: a link between neuroendocrine and immune system
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Effect of St. John's wort extract Ze 117 on the lateral mobility of β<inf>1</inf>-adrenergic receptors in C6 cells
2023, Biomedicine and PharmacotherapyDexamethasone attenuates inflammatory-mediated suppression of β<inf>2</inf>-adrenoceptor expression in rat primary mixed glia
2020, Journal of NeuroimmunologyCitation Excerpt :Glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) are present in the promoter regions of β-adrenoceptors, and glucocorticoids have been reported to upregulate β-adrenergic gene expression (Collins et al., 1988; Dangel et al., 1996; Hadcock et al., 1989). The largest effect of glucocorticoids is on β2-adrenoceptors, since these contain the greatest number of GREs in their promoter region (Xu, 2001). A further commonly used therapy for MS is IFN-β which ameliorates the symptoms of EAE (Liu et al., 2010) and is associated with a lower risk of mortality in patients with relapsing MS (Kingwell et al., 2019).
Behavioral coping strategies in response to social stress are associated with distinct neuroendocrine, monoaminergic and immune response profiles in mice
2011, Behavioural Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :The HPA and SAM axes are the two major pathways through which the central nervous system can modulate the immune system. Immune system cells express receptors for glucocorticoids and catecholamines [6–8], which are secreted during the response to stress by the activation of the HPA and SAM axes. These hormones can regulate a wide variety of immune-cell functions including cellular activation, cytokine production and cell trafficking [9–12].
Steroid and β-adrenergic receptor modifications in target organs of broiler chickens fed with a diet containing β<inf>2</inf>-adrenergic agents
2008, Food and Chemical ToxicologyCitation Excerpt :Lymphatic tissues, such as the thymus and the spleen, are massively innervated by the autonomic nervous system and norepinephrine in the thymus is thought to play a role in the modulation of thymocyte proliferation and differentiation (Felten and Felten, 1988). Moreover, activation of β2-AR can lead to the suppression of the immune reactions which includes suppression of IL-2 receptor expression, inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation and down-regulation of cytokine production (Xu, 2001). In the chicken, it is also been observed that catecholamines modulate immune responses such as antibody responses, phytohemaglutinin wattle response and lymphocyte migration (Gray et al., 1990; Denno et al., 1994; McCorckle and Taylor, 1993; Motobu et al., 2002).
Murine hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors express adrenergic receptors
2007, Journal of Neuroimmunology