Original InvestigationPathogenesis and Treatment of Kidney DiseaseDevelopment and Validation of a Self-assessment Tool for Albuminuria: Results From the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study
Section snippets
Data Sets
This analysis was performed using 2 data sets: the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004.24, 25, 26 Data from the REGARDS Study were used to develop the self-assessment tool, and data from NHANES 1999-2004 were used to externally validate the tool.
Derivation Data Set: the REGARDS Study
The REGARDS Study is a population-based investigation of stroke incidence in US adults 45 years or older. In brief, 30,239 African American and
Development of the Self-assessment Tool
The mean age of REGARDS Study participants was 63.9 ± 9.7 years, 40.6% were African American, and 37.3% were men (Table 1). The prevalence of albuminuria in the REGARDS Study was 13.8%. Compared with those without albuminuria, REGARDS Study participants with albuminuria were older and more likely to be African American and men. Additionally, each candidate item was associated significantly with albuminuria.
Unadjusted odds ratios for albuminuria associated with each candidate item are listed in
Discussion
Albuminuria is a common marker of kidney disease and affects more than 10 million US adults.1 However, most individuals with kidney disease are unaware of their diagnosis.8, 9, 33 Using data from 2 large studies, we developed and validated a simple self-assessment tool designed to identify individuals with a high probability of albuminuria. This tool maintained good discrimination, indicated by C statistics of 0.709 and 0.714 in the REGARDS Study and NHANES 1999-2004, respectively.
Acknowledgements
Support: This research project is supported by cooperative agreement U01 NS041588 from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NINDS or NIH. Representatives of the funding agency have been involved in the review of the manuscript, but not directly involved in the collection,
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Originally published online May 27, 2011.